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What you gotta do to survive
Popular Mechanics
Echoes of Ecosystems
"Pop" Culture
Mathemagicians!
100

This evolutionary adaptation allows different species to share the same scarce resource without direct competition.

What is resource partitioning?
100
What are limiting factors? Name 3 limiting factors for an aquatic life zone.
Limiting factors are (abiotic) environmental conditions that limit the growth, abundance, or distribution of an organism or a population of organisms in an ecosystem. Examples include temperature, sunlight, nutrient availability, acidity, dissolved oxygen, salinity
100
What is NPP? (also define it.) In what terrestrial ecosystem is it highest per kcal/m2/year?
Net Primary Productivity, which is the amount of energy produced via photosynthesis, minus energy used in production. The terrestrial ecosystem with the highest NPP per kcal/m2/yr is the tropical rainforest.

100
Name the 4 stages of demographic transition, what their characteristic age-structure pyramids look like, and what changes cause the shapes to shift.
Preindustrial, Transitioning, Industrial, Post-industrial

DAILY DOUBLE:
Name a country that fits these shapes:
Pyramid, column, inverted pyramid, bulged

100
Everyone in!

At the end of the Hundred Year War, the population of the Fire Nation had a crude birth rate of 20 births per 1000 women and a crude death rate of 40 per 1000. Immigration was 2 per 1000 and emigration 12 per 1000. Calculate the growth rate. What is the likely age structure pyramid type for the Fire Nation as time goes on if the rate does not change?

-3%. Inverted triangle.
200
For each of the following sets, state what type of species interaction is taking place: A) Sea urchins eat kelp
B) A remora eats parasites on a shark
C) An epiphytic orchid grows on the trunk of a tree to obtain better access to water and sunlight
D) Mistletoe bores a taproot into an oak tree for nutrition
E) Humans try to outbid each other on a house in a nice neighborhood
A) Predator-prey
B) Mutualism
C) Commensalism
D) Parasitism
E) Competition
200
DAILY DOUBLE: Explain the difference between K-selected and R-selected species. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Give an example of each.
K-selected species tend to live longer lives, giving birth to fewer offspring, caring for them for longer periods of time, and reaching sexual maturity relatively later.

Advantages: longer parental care increases safety and likelihood of offspring to reach adulthood. K-selected organisms tend to be larger and live longer.

Disadvantages: tend to be near carrying capacity, so over competition is a risk.

Examples can include whales, elephants, bears, and humans.

R-selected species live shorter lives and give birth to large sets of offspring. Parenting is often limited or completely absent after offspring have emerged. Species reaches sexual maturity earlier. Examples include mice, rabbits, insects, and invertebrates.

Advantages: Opportunistic and able to reproduce quickly in order for genes to withstand disturbances or unstable habitats.

Disadvantages: Shorter life span, generally smaller body size

200
The 3 components of Earth's "life support system"
1. High quality energy flows in one direction from the Sun
2. Nutrients continue to cycle through ecosystems
3. Gravity and the earth's electromagnetic field hold the atmosphere around the earth.
200
Name 2 of the 3 proposed strategies for slowing human population growth and how they will affect the population size
1. Promote economic development: more developed countries have higher quality of life and can afford to spend less time laboring and more time being educated. Higher quality of life allows for longer life spans and less pressure to have children to contribute to the labor force.

2. Empower women: provide general education so women can be employed outside of domestic work and child care. This enables them to make more decisions about their lives and their reproductive plans.

3. Family planning: provide educational and clinical services to help couples choose how many children to have and when to have them. This can alleviate the pressure from family elders to have more children and economically help the couple

200
The rabbit town outside of Zootopia has a current population of 120,000. Its growth rate is 2.5% per year. How long will it take for the town's population to double?
70/2.5 = 28 years.
300
Two part question:

Some flowers evolve to be extremely inaccessible to birds except for hummingbirds. This is an example of...

The non-poisonous Viceroy Butterfly evolves to look like the poisonous Monarch Butterfly. This is an example of...

What are coevolution and mimicry?
300
Explain how carrying capacity works by using the terms "overshoot" and "dieback". Give an example of a documented crash (case study) in carrying capacity and name 3 factors that can change the carrying capacity over time
Carrying capacity is the maximum population of a givens species that a particular habitat can sustain indefinitely. The growth rate of a population may "overshoot" and exceed capacity if resources are plentiful and the population is not controlled by predation or diseases. After exceeding capacity, there is a decrease or a "dieback" as resources are depleted. Over time, the population typically stabilizes at or near the carrying capacity.
300
Daily Double! You have 1 minute to formulate a summary on "sustainability" with the following key terms: (you may change the form of the word if necessary)

ecosystem, high biodiversity, niche, keystone, trophic cascading effect, resilience, species richness

Sample:

In healthy ecosystems with high biodiversity, multiple organisms can occupy the same niche. This species richness allows ecosystems to remain resilient to the loss of a species. However, if an important keystone species were to be removed, a trophic cascading effect could occur, resulting in the collapse of the ecosystem.

300
What are 3 of the issues that women in preindustrial and transitioning countries face
Poverty, lack of decisions on body, lack of education, lack of healthcare, male-preference, traditional/cultural/societal pressures
300
In 2010, the population of Fremontville was 6 million and growing at a rate of 1.4% / year. If the rate of population growth remains constant, in what year will the population reach 24 million people?
100 years-- in the year 2110
400
Through natural selection, different species of honeycreeper birds have evolved different shapes of beaks in order to efficiently consume different sources of food. This is an example of...
What is specialization?
400
Edge habitats have allowed deer to flourish despite human encroachment on their habitat. Name 3 of the strategies that humans are using to try to reduce or discourage the deer population.
Changes in hunting regulations, hiring licensed archers, using predator scents and rotting deer meat to scare them away, using high frequency sounds, trapping and moving, contraceptive darts, sterilization in captivity
400
Name the two chemical processes that are MOST essential for life. Use your white board to write out both processes in chemical equations. [BONUS: correctly balance both to double your points! (no penalty for incorrect attempt, but only one try).
Photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight --> 6 O2 + C6H12O6

Aerobic (cellular) respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

400
What are the downsides to having a population with a high number of elderly and low number of young people? What shape of pyramid would this population have?
As the population declines, there will be fewer adults working and paying taxes to support the increasing elderly population. This can lead to declining work force, higher wages for workers, and limited funds for supporting continued economic development. The population pyramid would be an inverted triangle.
400
In 2010, East Fremont had a population of 10 million people, a birth rate of 7.2%, and a death rate of 2.2%. If the birth and death rates remain constant, in what year will the population will be close to 40 million people?
28 years-- the year 2038
500
What distinguishes primary succession from secondary succession?
Primary success begins in lifeless areas where there is no soil to begin with, whereas secondary succession begins in areas where an ecosystem has been disturbed, removed or destroyed.
500
LIGHTNING ROUND! You will have 3 seconds to respond "True" or "False" to a set of questions. Each question you get correct increases your point value multiplier, but each wrong answer will deduct the same amount.
1. High range of tolerance allows individuals of the same species to have varying physical or chemical tolerances. TRUE
2. Birth, death, immigration, and mutation govern changes in population size. FALSE (emigration, not mutation)
3. Too much or too little of even one necessary life factor can limit or prevent the growth of a population. TRUE
4. The age structure of a population can affect how it rapidly grows or declines in the future. TRUE
5. The three habitat dispersion patterns are clumped, uniform, and vertical. FALSE (random, not vertical).
500
Niches can be classified further in terms of specific roles that certain species play within ecosystems. _____(1)______ are often most responsible for regulation of population numbers in other species. Some species are ______(2)________ because their decline is often telling of damaging factors that are otherwise difficult to identify.
What are (1) Keystone species, (2) Indicator species?
500
Lightning Round! Give the key term that matches the definition. You have 3 seconds.
1. The average number of children that couples in a population must bear to replace themselves. REPLACEMENT-LEVEL FERTILITY RATE 2. The average number of children born to the women in a population during their reproductive years. TOTAL FERTILITY RATE 3. The equation for doubling time. THE RULE OF 70 or 70/r 4. The movement of people out of a geographic area. EMIGRATION 5. The policy enacted by China, although intrusive, strict, and expensive to enforce, was an example of this. FAMILY PLANNING
500
In 2012, the population of San Ramon was approximately 74,000. If the population was only half as big in 1992, what is the growth rate of our fair, and increasingly populated city?
3.5%. Have you seen this btw? https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=population+of+san+ramon+