Layers of the Earth
What are the main layers of the Earth called?
The crust, the mantle, the outer core and inner core.
What are the 3 types of Rocks?
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
Which boundary causes sea floor spreading?
What are divergent boundaries
The supercontinent that existed millions of years ago
What is Pangea
The solid outer part of the earth is called?
The lithosphere
What rock forms from rocks that are subjected to high heat, high pressure, hot mineral-rich fluids or, more commonly, some combination of these factors?
Metamorphic
Which boundary creates mountain chains and release magma?
What are Convergent boundaries
Types of plate boundaries can create both volcanoes AND earthquakes
What are Divergent and Convergent boundaries
What is a hotspot?
An area on Earth under the outer layer of the Earth where magma is hotter.
What rock forms when hot, molten rock crystallizes and solidifies?
Igneous
What is it called when plates push toward each other, and one plate falls below the other?
What is Subduction
An undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced at a divergent boundary
What is a Mid-ocean ridge
What is the relationship between the lithosphere and asthenosphere?
The lithosphere rests on top of the asthenosphere and contains tectonic plates, while the asthenosphere has plates that move on top of them.
What rock forms from deposits of pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organism that accumulate on the Earth's surface?
Sedimentary
List the boundaries in order of highest earthquake frequency to lowest
Convergent boundary, divergent boundary, transform boundary
The process by which molten material adds new crust to the ocean floor
What is Sea-floor spreading
Why are the layers of the Earth important?
Important because it shows how the Earth was formed and the source for earth's natural resources, etc.
What is the relationship between the rock cycle and plate tectonics?
The heat from the mantle that fuels plate tectonics causes both igneous and sedimentary rocks to be turned into metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rocks can be eroded into sedimentary rocks, therefore, they melt back into igneous rocks. The movement from metamorphic rocks in the rock cycle is also driven by plate tectonics.
Explain the differences between divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries, and transform boundaries.
Divergent: -Plates push away from each other
-typically causes seafloor spreading and a ridge of volcanoes or just a mountain chain. Happens underwater as well.
-may cause earthquakes less frequently
Convergent:
-plates push towards each other
-typically melts and causes a mountain chain (volcano), or it starts seeping magma out.
-May cause earthquakes
Transform:
-plates push past each other
-No ridges or volcanoes
tend to have shallow earthquakes
Areas within a fluid where warm material is rising in the center, and cold material is sinking.
What are Convection Cells