Unit 1: Ecosystems
A general rule of energy transfer states that if one trophic level has 3000 kcal available, the trophic level above it will have this many kcal.
300 kcal
This type of biodiversity refers the the variety of unique DNA variations available to a population
Genetic Biodiversity
In order to calculate doubling time, you'll need to divide the annual population growth rate by this number
70
This is the topmost layer of Earth's crust, including the crust, and the topmost layer of solid mantle.
Lithosphere
Size of the island and distance from mainland
This is the biome that is found in high latitudes, is cold and fairly dry, and with conifer trees as the dominant plant form.
Taiga
This is the gradual process of plant growth as an ecosystem reaches its apex after an event like a forest fire where the soil is intact.
Secondary Succession
This metric refers to the number of individuals that enter a population, minus the number of individuals that exit it.
Net Immigration Rate
Loam is a roughly equal combination of these three soil sizes.
Sand, silt, and clay
The horsehair worm is a species that infests insects like crickets, then manipulates them into seeking water and drowning themselves so that the worm can enter the water to reproduce. The horsehair worm is an example of this kind of symbiotic relationship.
Parasitism
Freshwater wetlands (Swamps, Marshes, Bogs)
This is the measurement of an ecosystem's ability to remain unchanged when faced with a disruption. Higher genetic biodiversity helps improve this.
Resistance
The types of factors, like disease, predators, and competition, affect the population size with impact correlating to the size of the population.
Density-Dependent Factors
The freezing and thawing of water inside rocks is one of the common causes of this process, where rocks are broken by mechanical forces.
Physical Weathering
A species with a roughly equal chance to die at any point in its lifespan is consider this type of survivorship.
Type II
The lowest zone in a body of water is called this. It includes the seafloor, and may or may not have sunlight.
Benthic Zone
Frogs and other amphibians are very vulnerable to changes in nutrients, oxygen, or temperature. This makes them one of these species, as they act as an early warning to habitat change.
Indicator Species
List 2 reasons why birth rate declines as nations progress from developing to developed.
Little need for labor, increased wealth, increased education, decreased replacement fertility, Access to healthcare and family planning.
Denser, more compact soil may be nutrient rich, their ability to move water through, also called this, is poor for plant growth.
Porosity/Permeability/Infiltration
This is the measurement of the percentage of sunlight that bounces away from the planet. It is higher in polar areas, and lower is areas with concrete surfaces.
Albedo
The process of the nitrogen cycle is includes nitrification, ammonification, decomposition, and this step, in which organisms absorb nitrogen from the soil or the foods they eat.
Assimilation
This theory states that ecosystems actually do best when the amount of disturbances is high enough to prevent stagnation, but also low enough that species can be allowed to thrive and grow.
Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis
This type of population growth model assumes no limit on resources, so populations continue to grow forever, creating a J-shaped Curve.
Exponential Growth Model
List the 5 Soil Horizons in order from top to bottom.
O, A, B, E, C (E can fall after A or B)
When too much of this mineral enters a waterway, it can lead to algal blooms, mass die-off, hypoxia, and dead zones for the local life.
Phosphorus