APES Review

Wildcard

500

Describe at least two ways the government can reduce overfishing.

Fishing licenses, fishing quotas, fish and game enforcement officers, etc.

500

List at least 2 ways that humans can accelerate soil erosion.

Deforestation, development, overgrazing, tilling, etc.

500

List at least two steps that would help a country transition from fossil fuels to nonrenewable energy.

Better electric grid for cars, tax incentives for renewables, investment in renewables, etc.

500

Which method of irrigation is the most water efficient?

Drip Irrigation

500

What is the symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits whilst the other does not benefit nor is harmed by?

Commensalism 

Wildcard

500

Which country generates the most electricity from wind energy?

China

500

What are the CAFE standards?

NHTSA's Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards regulate how far our vehicles must travel on a gallon of fuel.

500

1. Where on the graph is the population growing at a decreasing rate? (NOT decreased population, but growing at a decreasing rate).

Right after the overshoot

500

List out at least one organic and one inorganic fertilizer

Organic: manure, guano, compost

Inorganic: synthetic fertilizers

500

A coastal city surrounded by mining outcrops, farms, and factories has been experiencing a drop in water quality in the nearby waterways. Is it more likely from point or non point sources?

Point

Wildcard

500

1.  Provide one example of an : ecological, provisioning, regulating, and cultural services.

Answer: Ecological (habitat), Provisioning (Cutting and selling lumber from trees), Regulating (Pollination), and Cultural (Tourism)

500

This international agreement, while not legally binding, set non-legally binding targets for industrialized countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and served as a precursor to a more comprehensive accord.

Kyoto Protocol

500

Mention two primary and secondary air pollutants

• NOx and CO2 (primary) 

• Sulfuric acid and nitric acid (secondary) 

500

• The GPP of an ecosystem is 4.8 kg C/m2/year, and the energy used by the producers for respiration is 2.2 kg C/m2/year. Calculate the NPP of such an ecosystem.

4.8kg C/m2/ye - 2.2kg C/m2/ye = 2.6 kg C/m2/ye

500

Explain how species richness and species evenness are both used to describe biodiversity.

Biodiversity is determined by species richness (more species equals more diversity) while higher evenness indicates the even distribution of species. Both are important for ecosystem resilience.

Wildcard

500

List out three density dependent factors in an ecosystem.

Shelter, food, water, etc.

500

Which of the following actions would most likely increase biodiversity in a degraded ecosystem?

A. Introducing a non-native predator to control herbivore populations

B. Planting a single fast-growing tree species in large numbers

C. Establishing a protected area with limited human activity

D. Increasing pesticide use to eliminate insect pests

C

500

What is the LD50 of Cesium on rats?

3.75 mg/kg

500

Name at least one way factories reduce the amount of small particles they release into the air and how do they work?

Electrostatic Precipitators
Baghouse Filters
Wet / Dry Scrubbers

500

This farming method involves growing multiple crops in the same space to reduce pests and improve soil fertility.

Intercropping

Wildcard

500

List out three of the main impacts of La Nina in South America.

Drought, colder weather, and more fish.

500

This method of natural gas extraction involves drilling a 2 mile hole and blasting a water solution underground to crack the rock underneath.

Hydraulic Fracturing (Fracking)

500

This international agreement led to a significant reduction in CFCs, and eventually to the ozone layer recovering.

Montreal Protocol

500

Rock and other waste materials removed as impurities when waste mineral is seperated from the metal in an ore.

Mine tailings

500

Soil that is 60% sand, 30% clay, and 10% silt is:

Sandy clay loam