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Ecosystems
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Global Change
100

This biome contains plants that are adapted to prevent water loss due to the low average rainfall and high temperatures year-round.

Desert 

100

If the population of a country grows at a rate of approximately 5 percent per year, the number of years required for the population to double is closest to

14

100

Most volcanism in the world is associated with



Responses

  • plate boundaries

  • midcontinental hot spots

  • faulting

  • aquifer depletion

  • desertification

plate boundaries

100

Eutrophication results in the death of trout and other fish as a result of

asphyxiation from lack of oxygen

100

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an effect of global warming?



Responses

  • Loss of fertile delta regions for agriculture

  • Change in global patterns of precipitation

  • Extinction of some species that have narrow temperature requirements

  • Decreased rate of photosynthesis in vegetation

  • Increased frequency of hurricanes

Decreased rate of photosynthesis in vegetation

200

This biome has the highest net primary productivity, in part because of consistently warm temperatures and abundant sunlight.

Tropical Rain Forest 

200

A certain species of dinosaur laid large numbers of eggs, and the hatchlings had high mortality early in life. But if they survived, the young dinosaurs were able to grow at a rapid pace and disperse into the environment in order to thrive. Based on this information which type of strategist can best characterizes this species of dinosaur?

r-strategist 

200

This layer of Earth’s atmosphere contains the ozone layer that absorbs the sun's ultraviolet rays.

Stratosphere 

200


 Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following air pollutants.

(A) Sulfur dioxide

(B) Lead

(C) Ozone

(D) Hydrocarbons

(E) Particulates

Question

Implicated in human neurological damage

Responses

  • Sulfur dioxide

  • Lead

  • Ozone

  • Hydrocarbons

  • Particulates

Lead

200

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that comes only from human sources?



Responses

  • Nitrous oxide

  • Carbon dioxide

  • Methane

  • Chlorofluorocarbons

  • Carbon monoxide

CFCs

300


Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following processes.

(A) Nitrification

(B) Denitrification

(C) Assimilation

(D) Ammonification

(E) Nitrogen fixation


Question


Nitrate ions and nitrite ions are converted into nitrous oxide gas and nitrogen gas (N2).


Denitrification 

300

The current global human population is about 6.1 billion and is growing at an annual rate of 1.35 percent. If world population were to grow at this rate for the next year, approximately how many people would be added?

8x10^7

300

This layer of Earth’s atmosphere contains the fewest molecules of the layers shown, and the low density of gas leads to very few molecules transferring heat to an object. In this layer, ultraviolet radiation causes photodissociation of molecules, creating ions.

thermosphere

300

Critics of incineration of municipal solid waste suggests that it may not be the best solution for the future because 

Incineration contributes to air pollution.

300

Name a positive feedback mechanism associated with global climate change?

Melting Ice, Thawing tundra, Rising Sea levels, etc

400

In a given ecosystem, producers convert solar energy into 15,000kcal of chemical energy stored in organic compounds. Which of the following is the most likely amount of energy available to secondary consumers?

150kcal

400

If a country has a crude birth rate of 24 per 1,000 and a crude death rate of 8 per 1,000, the natural annual percent increase of its population is

1.6 percent 

400

The water-holding capacity of soil is LEAST likely to be affected by the addition of which of the following?



Responses

  • Clay

  • Humus

  • Manure

  • Pesticide

  • Sand

Pesticide

400

Ticks are vectors for various diseases. The ticks acquire the disease-causing organisms from

feeding on host animals

400

Reasons that the population size of an exotic species often grows rapidly when the species is introduced in a new environment include which of the following?

  1. The exotic species is resistant to pesticides.

  2. There is a large, underutilized food source in the new environment.

  3. The exotic species has few natural predators in the new environment.

2 and 3 

500


 Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following processes.

(A) Nitrification

(B) Denitrification

(C) Assimilation

(D) Ammonification

(E) Nitrogen fixation


Question


Plant roots absorb ammonium ions and nitrate ions for use in making molecules such as DNA, amino acids, and proteins.


Assimilation 

500

By the year 2050, world population is expected to approach 10 billion. If the current population trends continue, which region of the world will most likely experience the majority of the growth?

Asia and Africa 

500

Most deserts on Earth are located near the 30° north and 30° south latitudes because humidity is lower at 30°. The best explanation for the lower humidity is that



Responses

  • warm air rises at 90° latitude, cools, and sinks at 30°

  • cool air rises at 30° latitude, warms, and sinks at the equator

  • warm air rises at the equator, cools, and sinks at 30° latitude

  • trade winds transfer moisture away from 30° latitude

  • rain-shadow effects are most pronounced at 30° latitude

warm air rises at the equator, cools, and sinks at 30° latitude

500

Over a three-year period, a city’s environmental protection department measured the particulate matter (PM2.5PM2.5) in a ten-square-mile area around one of the city’s coal-fired power plants. The annual mean level of PM2.5PM2.5 measured was 20.0μgm320.0�gm3 over the three-year study period. The National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQSNAAQS) for PM2.5PM2.5 is an annual mean level of 12.0μgm312.0�gm3, averaged over three years. The city instructs the manager of the power plant to propose a plan to aid the city in meeting the NAAQSNAAQS for PM2.5PM2.5 in the area around the power plant over the next ten years.

Which of the following would be the most effective plan for the manager to propose to the city?



Responses

  • Install catalytic converters at the plant.

  • Install vapor recovery nozzles at the plant.

  • Install electrostatic precipitators at the plant.

  • Burn lignite coal instead of bituminous coal at the plant.

Install electrostatic precipitators at the plant.

500


 Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following air pollutants.

(A) Sulfur dioxide

(B) Lead

(C) Ozone

(D) Hydrocarbons

(E) Particulates


Question


Considered harmful in the troposphere but beneficial in the stratosphere

Responses

  • Sulfur dioxide

  • Lead

  • Ozone

  • Hydrocarbons

  • Particulates


Ozone