Unit 1: Ecosystems
Unit 2: Biodiversity
Unit 3: Populations
Unit 4: Earth Systems
Unit 5: Land and Water Use
100
1) What is a symbiotic relationship?
2) Describe the three types of symbiotic relationships
1) A close and long-term relationship between two species in an ecosystem.
2) Mutualism (+/+), Commensalism (0/+), Parasitism (-/+)
100
What is one difference between K-selected and r-selected species
Answers may vary; K-selected tend to be large, have few offspring per reproduction event, live in stable environments, provide parental care, reproduce more than once in a lifetime, and have long life expectancies.
r-selected species tend to be small, have many offspring, expend or invest minimal energy, little to no parental care, mature early, have short life spans, reproduce only once in their life time (each reproductive event yields MANY offspring), and competition for resources is relatively low.
100
1) What is carrying capacity?
2) What is overshoot?
1) Carrying capacity (K) is the maximum number of individuals of species that are able to survive in an environment over a long period of time (the point where a population's growth stabilizes).
2) The point where a population exceeds their carrying capacity, likely caused by environmental changes.
100
Which plate tectonic is responsible for Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
Divergent boundary
100
What is the Tragedy of the Commons?
Individuals will use shared resource sin their own self-interest rather than keeping with the common good, which depletes the resource.
200
What is resource partitioning?
Resource partitioning is when species use resources in different ways, places, or times to reduce the negative impact of competition on survival.
200
What are the types of ecosystem services?
Provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting
200
1) Which survivorship curve has rapid infant mortality with few individuals surviving adulthood?
2) Give an example of Type II survivorship (Justify)
1) Type III survivorship
2) Answers may vary; e.g. birds
200
1) Which atmospheric layer contains the ozone layer?
2) List the atmospheric layers from increasing distance from Earth (Hint: 5 layers)
1) Stratosphere
2) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
200
What is the name of the following person:
Norman Borlaug!
300
1) What is Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)?
2) How is Net Primary Productivity calculated?
3) What units is NPP in?
1) GPP is the total rate of photosynthesis in a given area.
2) NPP is calculated by finding the difference between gross primary productivity (GPP) and respiration (R)
3) mass per unit area per time
300
1) What is the process in which after a natural disaster, a forest can quickly reach climax community?
2) What are pioneer species? Provide an example (Do not use lichen)
1) Secondary Succession
2) Usually the first species to move into an unoccupied habitat during successions. Examples include mosses, bacteria, fungi, and weeds.
300
What is the rule of 70? More specifically, what does it tell us?
Dividing the number 70 by the percentage of population growth rate approximates the population's doubling time.
300
1) How is soil formed?
2) Which soil layer is known as topsoil and has overlying organic material mixed with mineral material?
3) Rank the three particles (sand, silt, and clay) in terms of increasing permeability.
1) When parent material is weathered (broken down) and eroded (moved).
2) A horizon
3) clay > silt > sand
300
1) Less consumption of meat would reduce greenhouse gas emissions. What are the three greenhouse gases?
2) What do CAFOs stand for?
1) Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrous oxide (Dinitrogen oxide)
2) Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
400
1) In the carbon cycle, identify TWO sinks and TWO sources.
2) Identify the process in which atmospheric nitrogen is converted by bacteria into a usable form of nitrogen usable by plants (e.g. NH3).
3) Which element is considered a limiting growth factor in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems?
1) Answers may vary: Sinks include the atmosphere, living organisms, the ocean, sediment, and fossil fuels. Sources include burning of fossil fuels, respiration, volcanoes.
2) Nitrogen fixation
3) Phosphorous (P)
400
Under what conditions according to the theory of island biogeography will yield the greatest species richness?
Large area and close distance to the mainland (source population)
400
1) What factors affect TFR?
2) Which stage in the demographic transition model has falling birth rates and slowly falling death rates?
1) Age, educational opportunities for females, access to family planning, and government acts and policies.
2) Stage 3
400
1) What is a watershed?
2) List three characteristics of a watershed?
1) An area of land that drains all streams and precipitation to a common outlet like a larger river, lake, wetlands, or ocean.
2) Answers may vary; Slope, soil, vegetation, area, and length.
400
1) In sustainable forestry, what is the name of the method in which forests are set on fire under controlled conditions in order to reduce the occurrence of natural fires?
2) What is one con of aquaculture?
1) Prescribed burn
2) Answers may vary: Aquaculture can contaminate wastewater; fish from hatcheries can escape and can compete or breed with wild fish; disease incidences will increase due to high density of fish in small area. Disease can be transmitted to wild species as well.
500
1) List five major terrestrial biomes
2) What is the name of the most diverse aquatic biome?
1) Answers may vary: taiga, temperate rainforests, temperate deciduous forests, tropical rainforests, shrubland, desert, temperate grassland, tundra.
2) Coral Reef
500
Identify the difference between a periodic phenomenon and an episodic phenomenon.
A periodic phenomenon repeats itself at regular in predictable intervals (e..g 5 Ice Ages)
Episodic phenomena are infrequent and unexpected (examples: warming and seismic activity/earthquake); random changes that have no pattern
500
Draw what the Pre-industrial age structure diagram would look like
500
1) What are global wind patterns caused by?
2) Which convection cell/patterns of warm air rising and cool air sinking is located at 30-60 degrees North and South?
1) Intensive solar radiation arriving at the equator.
2) Ferrell cell
500
The following questions focus on irrigation methods:
1) What is waterlogging?2) What is salinization?
1) When too much water is left to sit in the soil, raising the water table of groundwater and inhibits plants' ability to absorb oxygen through their roots.
2) When the salts in the groundwater remain in the soil after water evaporates. This makes soil toxic to plants.