Agricultural Land Use
Name an advantage to synthetic fertilizer over organic fertilizer.
Targeted macronutrients (You can apply just N or P or K)
Name a direct impact on the water cycle from clear cutting.
Increased runoff; increased evaporation from soil; less infiltration of groundwater; etc
Which renewable energy source is most commonly found in countries that are in phases 1-3 of demographic transition?
Biomass
reduce usage, increase energy efficiency, recycle matter, reuse matter, cogeneration
Name a negative environmental impact associated with coal mines after the mine closes.
Acid groundwater contamination for leaching, sinkholes/mass movements, spontaneous combustion, acid runoff from spoil heaps
In a CAFO, what is given to cattle to limit the impact of disease as a density-dependent limiting factor to production?
antibiotics - which leads to evolution of bacteria and increase resistance to antibiotics
How can urbanization reduce the carbon footprint of individuals? (good for environment)
People drive less (walk more/public transit)
Name 4 nonrenewable energy sources.
Oil (petroleum); natural gas; coal; nuclear; geothermal
Allowing your home to heat from sunlight coming through a window at short wavelengths and then trapping the long wavelengths is known as...
passive solar
Which food resource is known to increase an individual's ecological footprint significantly and is generally more commonly eaten in countries in phase 4 of demographic transition?
Beef (cows require space for their food and themselves, they also degrade soil and limit production when used excessively)
The over harvesting of juvenile fish that have not reproduced has led to the __________________, or 50% of carrying capacity, being exceeded.
maximum sustainable yield
How could increased flooding from urbanization be decreased?
green roofs, permeable pavers, urban forests,
What is the most effective way to prevent fish deaths at dams?
fish ladder or fish cannon
What is the benefit of offshore wind over onshore wind energy?
3 times the energy produced (stronger winds & more frequent)
What mechanical component of the Chernobyl powerplant had a meltdown?
reacter core
Name a biological IPM strategy.
introducing predator, companion planting with deterrent plant, etc
What would be a source of nitrate runoff in surface water near an urban area? & What would be a source of nitrate runoff in a pastoral area?
Urban- pet waste or combined storm water system
pastoral- manure or failing septic
Which nations are associated with the highest production of:
Coal
Geothermal
Oil
Coal-China
Geothermal- Iceland
Oil- United States (Saudi Arabia is second)
What type of solar produces the most energy (highest efficiency)?
concentrated solar
What process results in ammonia becoming nitrate or nitrite that can be absorbed by plants?
Nitrification
Which type of irrigation is most likely to result in salinization and waterlogging?
Furrow (weirdly enough), but flood is a really close second, so I would except either
Give an example of a pioneer TREE species (specific).
Aspen, white pine, loblolly, Virginia pine, etc
If we increase offshore drilling permits in the US, we can extract 20% more oil. If we extracted 360 million barrels this year, how many will we extract next year with the new permits?
(360 million barrels x .2) + 360 million barrels =
432 million barrels
I drive 400 miles a week in a car that gets 18mpg. Gas is $3.00/gallon. If I buy a new car for $13,000 that gets 48mpg, how long will it take to even out the purchase price of the car?
400mile/week x 1gallon/18mile = 22.22 gal/week
Cost= 22.22gal/week * $3/gal = $66.67/week
400mile/week x 1gallon/48mile= 8.33 gal/week
Cost= 8.33gal/week x $3/gal = $25/week
$66.67/week - $25/wk = $41.67/week
$13000/$41. 67= 312weeks (or 7.5 years)
If a fox that ate a rabbit that ate grass gets 10kcal of energy and the grass consumes 80% of its energy from the sun, then how much energy from the sun does the grass get?
fox (E * .01) = 10kcal E = 1000kcal
Rabbit 1000kcal = .2(Sun energy)
Sun energy= 5000kcal