Introduction to Ecosystems
What is the definition of symbiosis?
Two species living in a close and long-term association with one another in an ecosystem.
Define Terrestrial Biome
A geographic region of land categorized by a particular combination of average annual temperature, annual precipitation, and distinctive plant growth forms.
What are some examples of freshwater biomes?
Streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, or freshwater wetlands
What is a biogeochemical cycle?
The movements of matter within and between ecosystems involving cycles of biological, geological, and chemical processes
A bald eagle that eats fish that eats zooplankton that eats algae would be an example of what?
A tertiary consumer
What word has the following definition: two species evolve to divide a resource based on differences in their behavior or morphology?
Resource Partitioning
What word can be defined as an impermeable, permanently frozen layer of soil?
Permafrost
What is a freshwater wetland?
An aquatic biome that is submerged or saturated by water for at least part of each year, but shallow enough to support emergent vegetation
What is the biggest Carbon reservoir/sink
The ocean
Define Food Web
Define Parasitism
An interaction in which one organism lives on or in another organism.
What is another name for a Taiga?
Boreal Forest
Name the lake zones in order from shallowest to deepest
Littoral, limnetic, Profundal, Benthic
Describe nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen gas in the atmosphere is converted into forms of nitrogen that plants and algae can use
What is a trophic pyramid?
A representation of the distribution of biomass, numbers, or energy among trophic levels
Which species interaction benefits one species while leaving the other unaffected?
Commensalism
Where can the temperate seasonal forest be found?
Eastern United States, Japan, China, Europe, Chile, and eastern Australia.
What is one growing problem that coral reefs are facing?
Coral bleaching
What can be the consequence of immense phosphorus input into an aquatic system?
Algal Bloom
How much energy can be transmitted to the next higher trophic level?
10%. This is known as the 10% rule
What is the difference between an exotic and an invasive species?
What latitudes can hot deserts be found at?
Roughly 30 degrees North to 30 degrees South
Define chemosynthesis and where it is used
A process used by some bacteria to generate energy with methane and hydrogen sulfide. It is used in aphotic zones
What is the combined amount of evaporation and transpiration?
Evapotranspiration
Fluctuations in the abundance of one species can cause positive _____ _____ on some species and negative _____ _____ on other species. Fill in the blanks (they are the same)
Feedback loops