Biodiversity Basics
This type of species provides early warnings of damage to a community or an ecosystem, such as amphibians or lichens.
Indicator species
This type of ecological succession begins in an area where no soil or bottom sediment is present, such as a cooled lava flow.
Primary succession
These species tend to be small, have many offspring, and provide little to no parental care.
r-selected species
This is the average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
This is the only country in the world that has a Bill of Rights for its cows, prohibiting their slaughter, yet it is also the world's leading exporter of beef.
India
This specific type of ecosystem service includes processes like water purification, pollination, and pest control.
Regulating services
These are the first species to colonize a barren area, often capable of fixing nitrogen or breaking down rock into soil.
Pioneer species
When a population overshoots this limit, a "dieback" or "crash" typically occurs.
Carrying capacity (K)
This is the specific TFR value required to keep a population size stable (roughly 2.1 in developed nations).
Replacement-level fertility
In the movie The Wizard of Oz, the "snow" in the famous poppy field scene was actually made of this dangerous mineral
Asbestos
Unlike generalists, these species have a narrow niche and are more prone to extinction when habitats are lost.
Specialist species
This concept explains that a population's ability to survive environmental change is directly linked to its level of ________ diversity.
Genetic diversity
Species that are K-selected are often more vulnerable to extinction than r-selected species because they have these two reproductive characteristics.
low reproductive rates (few offspring) and long generation times (late maturity)
Use the "Rule of 70": If a country has a growth rate of 2%, how many years will it take for the population to double?
35 years
On a standard "Number 2" pencil, the "2" refers to the hardness of the lead. If you were to draw a single continuous line with one pencil, it is estimated it would be approximately this long.
35 miles
This concept describes how the loss of a single keystone species can trigger a "domino effect" that collapses multiple trophic levels within an ecosystem.
Trophic Cascade
This type of ecological succession occurs in areas where a disturbance (like a forest fire or a hurricane) has removed the vegetation but left the soil intact.
Secondary Succession
These factors, such as disease, competition, and predation, have a stronger effect on a population as its size and "crowding" increases
Density-Dependent Factors
This value is slightly higher than 2.0 (usually 2.1) to account for these two factors in a population.
infant mortality and childless individuals
This is the only letter in the English alphabet that does not appear in the name of any of the 50 U.S. States.
Q
This term describes species that are found in only one specific geographic area (like the Golden Toad or Lemurs) and are highly vulnerable to extinction.
Endemic Species
El Niño affects biodiversity because the suppression of upwelling causes a collapse of this group of organisms, which forms the base of the marine food web
phytoplankton
This specific type of competition occurs between members of the same species for a limited survival resource like mates or nesting sites.
Intraspecific Competition
If a country has a Crude Birth Rate of 40 and a Crude Death Rate of 20, calculate its doubling time in years.
35 years
r = (40-20)/10 = 2%
Doubling time = 70/2 = 35)
What are Mrs. K's kids names?
Kross, Creed, and Jagger