APES UNIT 3 Chapter 4 & 5

4-1/2

100

------------ is the variety of earths species, or varying life forms, the genes they contain, the ecosystems in which they live, and the ecosystem processes such as energy flow and nutrient cycling that sustain all life

biodiversity

200

name and give examples of 2 out of the 4 types of biological diversity 

1. functional diversity (energy flow or matter recycling)

2. ecological diversity (tropical rain forest or oceans)

3. genetic diversity (genetic diversity of Caribbean snail)

5. species diversity (humans)

300

what 2 people developed convincing explanation for the theory of evolution 

Charles Darwin

Alfred Russel Wallace 

400

--------- are changes in the DNA molecules of a gene in any cell that can be inherited by offspring 

Mutations

500

list all 3 adaptation humans have that attribute to our success 

1. strong opposable thumbs

2. complex brain

3. ability to walk up right 

4-3/4

100

name a geological process that affected evolution 

tectonic plate movement

volcanic eruptions

eartquakes

climate change 

200

what is the process where under certain circumstances natural selection can lead to an entirely new species by 1 species splits into 2 or more species 

speciation 

300

give an example and describe an endemic species 

species found in only 1 area 

(golden toad, koala, kangaroo)

400

describe reproductive isolation 

mutation and change by natural selection operate independently in the gene pools of geographically isolated populations 

500

give the percentage range that qualifies as a mass extension 

(hint:more than 20%)

25%-95%

4-5/6

100

is plant productivity higher in species rich ecosystems y/n

does species richness enhance suitability and stability of an ecosystem y/n

Yes and Yes 

200

----- is species specific ecological role 

niche

300

describe the difference between generalist and specialist species 

generalist species-occupy broad niches 

specialist species-occupy narrow niches 

400

is the giant panda endangered

and is it a generalist or specialist and why 

specialist because it only eats bamboo, and bamboo is very limited

they are endangered because they are limited to 6 remaining mountain forests, they are poached, reproduce slowly, and have a short breeding season 

500

name the tortoise species that we watched a video on that was a keystone species

gopher tortoise

5-1/2

100

name 3 out of the 5 types of interactions among species 

1.parasitism 

2.predation

3.mutualism  

4.commensalism

5.interspecific competition 

200

describe resource partitioning and give an example 

warbler 

300

describe convolution and give an example 

bat and moth 

400

 list 2 types of ecological succession and list 2 out of the 3 factors that affect secession

primary ecological sucession

secondary ecological succession 

1.facilitation

2.inhibition

3.tolerance 

500

Lichen is an example of what factor effecting succession and describe why 

Facilitation 

because it helps make an area more stable for other species 

5-3

100

---------- is a group of interbreeding individuals of the same species 

population 

200

list all 4 of the variable involved in governing changes in population size 

births, death, immigration, emigration 

300

describe the limiting factor principle 

too much or to little of any physical or chemical factor can emit or prevent the growth of a population, even if all other factors are at or near the optimal range of tolerance 

400

give an example of a K selected and R selected species 

K (whales, people)

R (insects)

500

this animal is the fastest long distance runner and exhibits mutualism with the Oxpecker birds

impala