Generalist/Specialist & K-/r-
Survivorship/Carrying Capacity
Population Growth/Age Structure Diagrams
Total Fertility Rate/Population Dynamics
Demographic Transition
100
Raccoons eat a variety of foods and can live in a variety of habitats, including locations near humans. Tiger salamanders eat an abundance of worms and insects and require wetland habitats so they do not dry out. Classify each species as specialist or generalist.
Raccoons are generalists, and salamanders are specialists.
100
The increase in the size of Earth's human population in the last century has been dramatic. Which of the following identifies two major contributors to this increase?
The Industrial Revolution and modern medicine
100
If the population of rabbits in an ecosystem grows at a rate of approximately 4% per year, the number of years required for the rabbit population to double is...?
70/4 = 17.5 years
100
In 1950, a country had a total fertility rate of 5.9. In 2010, the total fertility rate of the country was 2.3. Which of the following is most likely the reason for the change in total fertility rate?
Women had increased educational opportunities and had children later in life.
100
The greatest rate of population growth takes place in this phase.
phase 2
200
Name 2 factors of K- selected Species
Less young, more parental care, slow population growth rate, energy goes into survival instead of reproduction
200
Label the following as density dependent (DD) or density independent (DI) factors
A tornado
independent
200
If a country has a crude birth rate of 24 per 1,000 and a crude death rate of 8 per 1,000, the natural annual percent increase of its population is:
1.6%
200
Describe the trend in the data:
More-developed countries tend to have lower total fertility rates than less-developed countries.
200
Explain why a country may have a declining death rate in stage 2.
Life expectancy has increased because of improvements in public health, sanitation, and access to food.
300
Describe each type of survivorship curve.
Type I: High survival throughout most of the life span, but then individuals start to die in large numbers as they approach old age
Type II: Relatively constant decline in survivorship throughout most of the life span.
Type III: Low survivorship early in life with few individuals reaching adulthood.
300
Which line represents exponential growth? Carrying capacity?
What is A & E, respectively
300
Total fertility rate (TFR) and replacement level fertility (RLF) can help us understand how a population will change:
If TFR > RLF, then the population is likely ______
If TFR = RLF, then the population is likely _______
If TFR < RLF, then the population is likely _______
1. Growing
2. Stable
3. Shrinking
300
What is the relationship between income and fertility? What are some possible reasons for this trend?
Populations with higher incomes tend to have lower fertility rates. Probable reasons for this trend include access to medical care and birth control. Education becomes a priority and marriage may be delayed, resulting in fewer births per woman. Children in more affluent countries are more of a financial burden than an asset, and therefore, families will have fewer children.
400
The tropical rain forests are known to have a large variety of animals. One example is the orchid mantis that is highly camouflaged when standing on a certain species of orchid found in tropical environments. Another species, the tropical cockroach, can live anywhere in the rain forest where it can find water and a food source.
Which species is more likely to be affected by global climate change and why?
Orchid mantises tend to be advantaged in habitats that remain constant; the rain forest habitat is likely to shift because of global climate change.
400
A certain species of dinosaur laid large numbers of eggs, and the hatchlings had high mortality early in life. But if they survived, the young dinosaurs were able to grow at a rapid pace and disperse into the environment in order to thrive. Based on this information and the graph above, which of the following best characterizes this species of dinosaur?
The dinosaurs were r-strategists and exhibited a Type III survivorship curve.
400
What kind of growth does an structure diagram with a large base respresent?`
Rapid growth
400
1. The rate of population growth starts to slow down at which phase?
1. The beginning of phase III
500
What is a limiting resource? What is carrying capacity? How does a limiting resource influence carrying capacity?
A limiting resource is a resource that a population cannot live without – for example, water – and which occurs in quantities lower than the population would need if it were to increase in size. Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals a particular ecosystem can support. Carrying capacity is determined by limiting resources such as availability of water, nutrients, or light.
500
What is the rule of 70?
Doubling time (years) = 70/growth rate (expressed in %).
500
What measure would be most likely to promote fertility above replacement level?
Public housing priority for families with more than two children.
500
Describe the socioeconomic trends associated phase 1
Phase I (pre-industrial): subsistence economy, lack of medical care, sanitation, and clean water.