Population Dynamics
Limiting Factors
population growth/age structure diagrams
Demographic Transition
Randoms
100
The number of individuals in a given area is a population's
Density
100
What causes a population to increase?
Births and Immigration
100
Compare the population growth rate of India and that of China.
India has a higher population growth rate than China and Australia
100
Zero population growth is associated with which phases?
Phases I and IV
100
What claim can we make about trends in population size over time that would be supported by the data?
The Population exceeded the carrying capacity
200
what type of growth curve is shown?
Logistic
200
The maximum population size that a given environment can sustain
Carrying Capacity
200
How does replacement level fertility differ among developed and developing countries?
Hint* The TFR required to offset the average number of deaths in a population so that current population size remains stable.
It is lower in developed countries and higher in developing countries.
200
What is the most likely cause of high death rates in phase I?
Infant and childhood mortality
200
What shape represents an exponential growth curve?
J-shaped
300
Name two things that separate r-selected and k-selected species
level of parental care
life span
# of offspring
reproductive maturity age
population regulation
size of offspring
300
Name a 3 limiting resources.
Food, Water, Habitat
300
What growth does an extreme pyramid shape show? Where in the world would you expect to see this?
Rapid population growth
In developing countries
300
The greatest rate of population growth takes place in this phase.
Transitional
(death rates lower but birth rates still high)
300
Label the following as density dependent (DD) or density independent (DI) factors
1. A tornado
2. amount of food available
3. availability of water
4. climate change
5. predation
DI
DD
DD
DI
DD
400
What is an example of an r-selected and K-selected species?
R-Selected - Mammals, Birds
K-Selected - Insects, Fish, Plants
400
What was the Malthusian theory?
Humans will reach a carrying capacity limited by food
400
What is doubling time and why can’t we predict it with certainty? What is the rule of 70?
Doubling time is the number of years it takes for a population to double.
We can never determine a country’s doubling time with certainty because growth rates may change in future years. We can calculate it if we know the growth rate of a population and assume the growth rate is constant.
The rule of 70 can be used to approximate doubling time. Doubling time (years) = 70/growth rate (expressed in %).
400
What stage has the highest contraceptive use rates?
Post-Industrialized/Highly Developed
400
What is the difference between biotic potential and population growth rate?
Population Growth Rate - the number of offspring an individual can produce in a given time period, minus the deaths of the individual or its offspring during the same period
Biotic Potential - the maximum rate at which a species can reproduce in ideal conditions. Does not factor in deaths.
500
What are two factors that affect TFR at the national scale?
- Development (Affluence)
- Gov. Policy
-Education
-Birth Control Access
- Culture around gender roles
500
Name a density independent factor.
Natural disasters (flood, hurricane, tornado, fire)
500
If the population of rabbits in an ecosystem grows at a rate of approximately 4% per year, the number of years required for the rabbit population to double is...?
70/4 = 17.5 years
500
Solve this problem: A country has a CDR of 13 and a CBR of 15.
Calculate the annual growth rate.
(15-13)/10 = 2/10 = 0.2% growth rate
500
What does the term 'environmental justice' refer to?
The study of the disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards experienced by people of color, recent immigrants, and people of lower socio-economic backgrounds