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FAB VOCAB
LAWS FOR A CAUSE
CASES AND BASES
MYSTERIES OF HISTORY
FACTS TO BACK
100
This measure protects incumbents and discourages challengers, strengthens the majority party while weakensing the opposition party, increases or decrease minority representation. Wesberry v. Sanders in 1964 set "one person one vote" in drawing congressional districts, but it is still allowed for partisan political purposes.
What is Gerrymandering?
100
This act enforced the 14th amendment, ended segregation (Jim Crow), prohibited employment discrimination, created the EEOC, upheld by the Supreme Court on the grounds that segregation affected interstate commerce.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
100
This case established the principle of judicial review, strengthened the power of the judicial branch by giving the Supreme Court the authority to declare acts of Congress unconsitutional.
What is Marbury v. Madison (1803)?
100
The Judiciary Act of 1789 established this.
What is the Three-Tier structure of Federal Courts and the size of the Supreme Court to six (although expanded to 9 in 1869)?
100
This body ratifies treaties negotiated by the president, Possess the sole power to try r judge impeachment, Confirms judicial appointments, confirms executive appointments
What are Special Powers of the Senate?
200
These are closed political meetings to select a candidate. In the early 1800's congressional leaders held these to select the president before supporters of Andrew Jackson criticized the system for being elitist. Some states use these locally to select delegates. Iowa hols the best known and most influential one.
What is a Caucus?
200
This was enacted to give Congress a greater voice in presidential decisions committing military forces to hostile situations overseas, requires that the president notify congress wiht in 48 hours of deploying troops, and bring troops home with in 60 to 90 days unless Congress extends the time.
What is the War Powers Resolution (1973)?
200
Ruled that there is no constitutional guarantee of executive privilege.
What is US vs. Nixon (1974)?
200
This has always involved Writs of Certiorari (an order by the Court directing a lower court to send up the record in a case for its review) and the Rule of Four (at least four justices must vote).
What is how the Supreme Court selects cases outside of their original jurisdiction? The Court's orginial jurisdiction only generates about 3-4 cases per year. The rest come as a result of its appellate jurisdiction. The orginial jurisdiction of the Supreme Court includes cases that involve two or more states, the United States an a state government and the United States and foriegn ambassadors and diplomats.
200
The formal power to: Form new cabinet-level departments, raise revenue, declare war, and formally lead his/her political party
What are powers the President does NOT have?
300
This power allow the institution to: Set guidelines for new agencies, Hold hearings and conduct investigations, Use budget control, Reorganize and agency, Evalute an agencies programs
What is Congressional Oversight?
300
Senators were originally chosen by state legislatures. This amendment of 1913 mandated that senators be elected by voters in each state.
What is the 17th Amendment?
300
Enacted to help Congree regain powers previously lost to the executive branch, created Congressional Budget Office to evaluate the president's budget, established a budget process that includes setting overall levels of revenues and expenditures.
What is the Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974?
300
To stop patronage jobs and exchanging favors for jobs this act was created:
What is Pendleton Act of 1883?
300
Prevalent during the last 50 years, important outcome in determining outcome of congressional outcomes (90% in House, 75 percent in Senate) Reasons: Money, Visibility, Consitutent Service, Franking Privilege, Gerrymandering
What is the Incumbent Factor?
400
This question explores the difference between two vocabulary words: A. refers to the money supply and interest rates, the federal reserve board has the primary responsiblity for this B. refers to taxing and spending policies, both Congress and the President share the responsibility for this
What is Monetary and Fiscal policy?
400
This 1974 act created a Federal Election Commission to administer and enforce campaign finance laws, provide partial public funding for presidential primaries, provide full public financing for majority party candidates in the general election, places limitations on individual contributions to presidential candidates.
What is the Federal Election Reform Act?
400
This case ruled that the judicial branch of government can rule on matters of legislative apportionment, used the principle of "one person, one vote", ordered state legislative districts to be as equal as possible.
What is Baker v. Carr (1962)? Remember, Baker vs. Carr concerns state legislative districts, Wesberry v. Sanders concerns congressional districts - essentially gave cities and suburbs more representation in Congress.
400
The state of Virginia, led other states to push for a bicameral legislature based on population. Led by New Jersey, the small states wanted a unicameral Congress with equal representation for each state. The dispute was resolved by creating the House (population varies by state) and the Senate (equal representation)
What is the Connecticut Compromise?
400
This fact uses the following strategies : -Assignment of legislative liaisons from the Executive Office of the PResident to lobby legislators -Working with boty the majority and minority leaders -Using the media to focus public attention on the issue -Using high approval ratings to persuade -Bargaining by offering concessions and port that will benefit
What are the Ways the President Influences Congress as Chief Legislature?
500
This pattern has had a number of important consequences on politics in public policy, legislative gridlock and federal appointments: -it has heightened partianship and made it more difficult for moderates to negotiate compromises -it has slowed the legislative process -it has contributed to the decline of public trust in government
What is Divided Government?
500
This case increased the power of the federal government over state governments, established national air quality standards, required states to administer the new statndards and appropriate funds for their implementation, included a provision allowing private citizens to bring lawsuits against individuals and corporations that violated the act.
What is the Clean Air Act of 1970?
500
Hierarchical authority, job specialization and formal rules
What is Key Features of a Bureaucracy?
500
The Framers created this body to safeguard the presidency from direct popular election. Each state has as many votes as its combined total of representatives and senators. The members of this were originally chosen by the state legislatures. Today they are selected by the parties. Although it is criticized, it would require a constitutional amendment to abolish it. It benefits the small staets that are guaranteed at least three votes (like DC) and it benefits raicial minorities and interest groups in key states. There is no concensus on how to change it.
What is the Electoral College?