-Unit 1-
Divides power between national and state governments
What is federalism?
This power allows the president to issue directives with the force of law without congressional approval.
What is Executive order?
This amendment guarantees equal protection of the laws.
What is 14th Amendment?
This power allows the Supreme Court to strike down unconstitutional government actions.
What is judicial review?
This amendment lowered the voting age to 18.
What is 26th Amendment?
This principle, outlined in Federalist 51, argues that “ambition must be made to counteract ambition.”
What is Separation of powers?
This doctrine requires plaintiffs to have suffered a real injury in order to bring a case.
What is Standing?
This act prohibited discriminatory voting practices like literacy tests.
What is Voting Rights Act of 1965
This is the term for Congressional review and monitoring of the executive branch and federal agencies.
What is oversight?
When voters choose candidates from different parties for different offices.
What is split-ticket voting?
This compromise balanced representation concerns between high-population and low-population states regarding slavery.
What is Three-Fifths Compromise?
This judicial philosophy encourages courts to defer to elected branches in policymaking.
What is Judicial restraint?
This case incorporated the 6th Amendment right to counsel to the states.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
This type of presidential power grows from public support and media attention, enabling the president to pressure Congress.
What is bully pulpit?
This concept explains why incumbents often win reelection.
What is incumbency advantage?
This Federalist Paper explains why the judiciary would be the “least dangerous branch.”
What is Federalist No. 78?
This legislative strategy allows the Senate minority to block action unless 60 members agree to end debate.
What is Filibuster?
This case upheld prior restraint only when publication would cause “direct, immediate, and irreparable harm.”
What is New York Times v. U.S.?
This concept refers to the close, mutually beneficial relationship between Congress, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups.
What is iron triangle?
This Court ruling struck down limits on independent expenditures, leading to Super PACs.
What is Citizens United v. FEC?
This clause was central in the ruling for McCulloch v. Maryland and expands federal implied powers.
What is the Necessary and Proper Clause?
This process reconciles House and Senate differences in a bill.
What is Conference committee
This standard allows restrictions on speech if it creates a “substantial disruption” in schools.
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
This chamber has more formal procedures and restricted debate due to its large membership.
What is the House of Representatives?
Organizations that are key linkage institutions
What are interest groups/political parties/media?