Court Cases 1
What was the issue in Brown v. Board of education?
State sanctioned segregation of public schools.
What was the issue in Tinker v. Des Moines?
Students protested the Vietnam War by wearing armbands.
What is the primary role of the Federal Reserve?
To manage the money supply and interest rates to influence the economy.
What is the power of the purse?
Congress’s power to control government spending and taxation.
What power allows courts to declare laws unconstitutional?
Judicial Review
What was the ruling in Schenck v. US?
Speech causing imminent harm is not protected under the 1st amendment, "Clear and present danger"
What was the issue in McCulloch v. Maryland?
State of Maryland tried to apply a tax to the federal bank.
What is Fiscal Policy?
Government policy regarding taxation and spending to influence the economy.
What court case established the principle of judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison
What is the role of the Vice President in the Senate?
President of the Senate, votes in case of a tie.
What was the ruling in Gideon v. Wainwright?
The right to council is a fundamental right, 6th amendment (right to council) applied to the states through 14th amendment's due process clause.
What was the ruling in the court case US v. Lopez?
Gun free school school zones act was unconstitutional, because it exceeded Congress' power. The act did not regulate economic activity so it was not justified under the Commerce Clause.
Which branch of government controls fiscal policy?
The legislative branch
What is a filibuster?
A prolonged debate to delay a vote
How can the President check the judicial branch?
By appointing federal judges and granting pardons.
What was the ruilng made in Wisconsin v. Yoder?
State interest in education does not outweigh Amish families' decision to withdraw their children from education after 8th. --> Free Exercise
What was the issue in the court case Marbury v. Madison?
Marbury, a judicial appointment sued James Madison, the Secretary of State, after his commission was not delivered.
What is "monetary policy" and who controls it?
Policy controlling the money supply and interest rates; controlled by the Federal Reserve.
What is the President’s role in the lawmaking process beyond signing or vetoing bills?
A: The President can influence legislation by proposing bills, using the State of the Union, and lobbying Congress or the public to support initiatives.
How does Judicial Activism differ from Judicial Restraint?
Judicial activism involves judges interpreting the Constitution broadly to address societal issues, often leading to major policy shifts; judicial restraint favors limited court intervention, leaving decisions to elected branches.
What was the main issue in the court case Engel v. Vitale?
Public school encouraging opening the day with prayer.
What was the ruling made in Shaw v. Reno?
North Carolina's new district lines violated the equal protection clause. --> racial gerrymandering
What is Keynesian economics?
The theory that government should intervene in the economy through spending and taxation to manage demand.
What is an executive agreement and how is it different from a treaty?
A deal with another country made by the President that doesn't require Senate approval, unlike a treaty.
Enumerated powers are explicitly listed in the Constitution. Implied powers are not listed but are necessary to carry out enumerated powers.