Neuro Review
What are the types of fluent aphasia?
Wernicke's
Anomic
Conduction
Transcortical Sensory
What is aphasia? The Definition!!!
An acquired, selective impairment of language modalities and functions resulting from a focal brain lesion in the language dominant hemisphere that affects the person's communicative and social functioning, QOL, and QOL of caregivers/family.
T/F: Is aphasia common?
True
What is the purpose of aphasia assessments?
-Determine communicative function.
-Establish activity limitations.
-Determine participation restrictions.
-Decide rehab objectives.
Why is it good to use informal assessments?
To determine functional goals
What are the non-fluent types of aphasia?
Broca's
Transcortical Motor
Mixed Transcortical
Global
How many stroke survivors have aphasia?
30-35%.
How does aphasia impact one's quality of life?
-Medical errors due to inability to communicate.
-Inc health care costs.
-Inc burden of care.
-Less likely to return to work.
What is the purpose of a formal assessment?
-Establish the current level of communication
-Identify the presence of aphasia, the type, and the severity.
-Delineate strengths and weaknesses of communication.
When administering an informal assessment what are good practices?
-Good observation skills-
-Use of questionnaires
-Administer test with the intent to answer the question (ex. extent of problem)
-Determine how much endurance the person has
What aphasia is caused by a lesion to the angular gyrus?
Anomic
(Angular gyrus is located between parietal and temporal lobe!)
ICF Framework: What are the four components?
Health Condition
Body Function and Structure
Participation Factors
Personal Factors
Environmental Factors
Why is the ICF Model used?
It is used to consider a holistic approach and the whole person, rather than the primary health condition.
Social model rather than medical model.
Promotes the role of the communication partner; considers real-life situations; encourages participation; focuses on QOL; emphasis on clinician, client, family interactions.
What decisions do you need to make for formal assessments?
-Pretherapy baseline
-Distinguish and prioritize treatment goals
-Continue, modify, or discontinue treatment
FORMAL ASSESSMENT:
Why is discourse sampling and analysis used?
Used to analyze connected speech for participation and turn-taking, also to see treatment improvements
What type of aphasia is due to a lesion in the posterior brain?
Transcortical Sensory
Why is pharmacotherapy used?
To enhance the effects of speech-language therapy. Manipulates neurotransmitter levels. Benefits cognitive substrates of language processing including attention, short-term memory, and mood.
When was memory distinguished from aphasia?
Throughout the 19th century as cadavers were used to determine the location of lesions.
What are the 3 main psychometric properties?
-Standardization
-Reliability
-Validity (content, construct, ecological, & criterion related)
FORMAL ASSESSMENT:
Why test for cognitive skills?
Cognitive deficits can co-occur with aphasia and these impair strategy, problem-solving, self-monitoring, remembering, concentration, and speed.
Can - impact language abilities.
What type of aphasia is hallmarked by an inability to repeat words?
Conduction aphasia
What technology is used throughout aphasia therapy?
AAC devices and telehealth.
Why is group therapy used?
-Multipurpose groups (reading, writing, language) are most common.
-Effective for chronic stages (having aphasia for long time)
-Can be used for specific language processes: word retrieval and + changes on social network
What formal assessments would you use for severe cases of aphasia?
-Scenario test (ex. famous ppl test)
-Screening
FORMAL ASSESSMENT:
How can you use the ICF Model during assessments?
-Activity participation: structured community activity and rating scales, and participation in convo
-Environmental factors: care partner interviews
-Personal factors: QOL such as feelings, attitudes, and beliefs (ex. communication confidence rating scale)