Aphasia Overview

Nonfluent

200

List any 2 features of transcortical motor aphasia.

It is a nonfluent type of aphasia.

It is associated with relatively intact repetition skills.

It is associated with damage around the supplementary motor cortex.

It is associated with deficits in language expression with relatively intact language comprehension.

250

Name an example of nonfluent aphasia.

Broca's aphasia OR

Global aphasia OR

Transcortical motor aphasia

400

What is the difference between conduction aphasia and transcortical sensory aphasia?

Conduction aphasia- poor repetition skills; caused by damage to supramarginal gyrus, Wernicke's area, and underlying white matter pathways

Transcortical sensory aphasia- good repetition skills; caused by damage to posterior-parietotemporal areas

Borderline

200

List any 2 features of aphasia associated with anterior damage to internal capsule putamen.

It can be associated with severe form of dysarthric articulation, mild repetition problems, moderate naming or word-finding problems, some auditory comprehension problems, and severe writing and moderate reading problems

250

Name any one example of borderline aphasia affecting the basal ganglia structures.

Anterior damage to internal capsule or putamen OR

Posterior damage to capsule and putamen OR

Anterior and posterior damage to thalamus

400

What is the different between Broca's aphasia and Global aphasia?

Broca's aphasia: Relatively less severe; caused by damage surrounding Broca's area

Global aphasia: More severe; caused by damage to multiple areas and diffuse damage

Neuroanatomy

200

Name any two cortical structures and any two subcortical structures of human brain.

Cortical: Frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe

Subcortical: Diencephalon (including hypothalamus and thalamus), cerebellum, hippocampus, pituitary gland, and basal ganglia.

250

Name any two landmarks in the frontal lobe.

Broca's area, Premotor cortex, Motor cortex, Orbitofrontal cortex, Primary motor cortex, Frontal premotor association area (prefrontal cortex)

400

What is the difference between right and left cerebral hemisphere?

Left cerebral hemisphere is more likely to dominant for language functions in majority of people. Right cerebral hemisphere is more actively involved with non-language functions including musical skills, prosody, emotional processing.

Miscellaneous

200

(True or False) Apraxia and aphasia are both language disorders.

False

250

Name a neurogenic language disorder.

Aphasia

400

List two differences between aphasia and dysarthria.

Aphasia- neurogenic language disorder, most likely caused by stroke

Dysarthria- neurogenic speech disorder, common causes include stroke, falls, cancer