Terminology
agrammatism vs paragrammatism
speech has nouns and verbs but omission of function words
P:errors made in use of grammatical elements rather than omission
semantic paraphasia vs formal aphasia
give an example!
semantically related word/synonym is substituted pig for sheep
formal: sound/phonologically similar
dog for dock
characteristics of Broca's
-agrammatism, apraxia, single word better than sentence production, preservation of auditory comprehension, writing impairment, reading comprehension impaired, reading aloud poor, trouble putting sentences together, repeat words often
which one is the most rare?
transcortical sensory aphasia
how do we diagnose these?
CT scans or other imaging methods let us see the subcortical structures of the brain
jargon
lengthy fluent utterances syntactically okay but makes no sense
verbal-real word substitution
literal-partially recognized word paker for paper
neologistic- non sense word
which is the most rare?
transcortical motor
characteristics of anomic aphasia
can be evolution/recovery of Wernicke's or conduction, word finding difficulty, verbal expression pretty good fluent with appropriate syntax, preservation of auditory comprehension, circumlocutions, reading and writing impairments variable
BONUS QUESTION who developed the model that the classical view of aphasia is based on
Wernicke Lichteim model
apraxia versus dysarthria
D: motor speech disorder-impaired muscular control related to weakness, slowness, incoordination
A: MSD resulting in difficulty programming positioning of articulatorsmixed
give an example!
both semantically and phonologically similar
example: cow for cat
characteristics of transcortical motor aphasia
rare, repetition intact, other production abilities impaired similar to Broca's, auditory comp relatively spared, word finding difficulty variable, preservation of memorized material, occasional breakthroughs of fluent speech
preservation of repetition, otherwise similar to Wernicke's, echolalia repetition of questions instead of responding to them, not understanding communication partner does not understand them
lesions in subcortical structures not thalamus,
anterior-Broca's with slow poorly articulated speech, but have intact grammatical form unlike Broca's
paraphasia versus verbal stereotype
unintentional substitution of a word or non word
VS: exclusive use of one utterance over and over
unrelated
give an example
real word that is neither semantically or phonologically related
example: banana for camp
characteristics of global aphasia
all aspects of language impaired, comprehension impaired, little to no verbal output, stereotyped utterances, comprehension good only for personal info, expression through facial, vocal and manual gestures
characteristics of Wernicke's aphasia
impaired auditory comprehension, fluent articulation, jargon good syntax, naming and repetition poor, all kinds of paraphasias, writing impairment similar to speech impairment, reading comprehension impaired
characteristics of non thalamic -posterior type
similar to wernicke's
anomia versus agnosia
word finding difficulties characterized by circomlocutions
agnosia:inability to recognize a stimulus even though sensory transmission is intact
non word
give an example
non word substitution
example: kamer for camel
characteristics of mixed nonfluent aphasias
border zone between Broca's and global, sparse verbal output, auditory comprehension impaired, some partially recovered patients with global aphasia
characteristics of conduction aphasia
repetition impaired, phonemic paraphasias, verbal expression and fluency only minorly impaired, auditory comprehension mildly impaired, many self corrections
characteristics of thalamic aphasia
thalamic lesions, can resolve over time, good comprehension, fluent semantic paraphasias and neologisms, sparing of repetition, impairment can be limited to word retrieval difficulties and these can be category specific