Alternative Approaches
what is the goal of using classical aphasia syndromes?
to associate lesion sites and deficits
semantic system
where we have knowledge of meanings of words that are known by the person
can you describe the steps in the Levelt model
hint Levelt -L for linguistics
conceptual preparation/lexical concept->lexical selection/lemma->morphological encoding->phonological encoding->phonetic encoding->articulation
BONUS- neurotypical speech error what is a deletion
brake->bake
Ax for semantic system
semantic categories sort cards, picture matching, CELF, pyramids and palm trees, word definitions/pic matching
psycholinguistic/cognitive neuropsychological approach
models of language processing-separate modules (semantic module, phonological module etc) can be selectively impaired by brain damage
phonological output lexicon
representation of all the spoken words in a speakers vocabulary (representations are phonological) store is for output
discrete two step model
interactive activation model
concept level->word level->phoneme level-> production level
semantic level/anomia deficits
semantic errors in naming, naming affected by semantic variables, semantic difficulty word comprehension, poor performance on tasks requiring precise semantic knowledge
can be category specific but not that common
Ax for phonological output lexicon
picture naming, morphosyntax, repetition, reading aloud, non words vs words, naming PALPA, word frequency
computational/imaging approach
models of language processing system-models focus on dynamics of language processing or language networks (changing error patterns, coordinating structures for speaking)
speech
process involved in realization of the word as an utterance, there are a number of different operations likely involved here
interactive activation model Dell
includes data from neurotypical people errors and data from impaired individuals
semantics->words->phonemes
anomia without semantic level impairment /arising at phonological output lexicon
impaired on many verbal tasks, difficulty accessing the phonological output lexicon semantic paraphasias, disturbance affecting internal structure of the lexicon neologisms, post lexical planning phonemic paraphasias
phoneme level AX
phonological awareness- letter sound correspondences, repetition varied by word length syllable
social/life participation approach
members of society people reside within a sociocultural context-aphasia located outside of person in their relationships to other and the community (aphasia viewed as an element of a social system) importance of communication for social purposes recognized
can you list the steps in order including the 2 missing steps?
semantic system-> phonological output lexicon->phonological assembly-> articulatory planning->SPEECH
semantic phonological SP model
semantic level->lexical/word level ->phonological level->also non lexical route to account for when people produce non words->temporary representation of phonological input
BONUS neurotypical speech error what is a blend
lecture and session sessure or lecsion
articulation AX
watch for effortful groping speech
see if speech is affected by length of words or phrases
what are some problems with the classical aphasia syndromes
categories unreal- no real invariant pattern for all members, any attribute occurs in more than one category, many patients don't fall into one category, clinically it does not help us understand their deficits to plan therapy, research wise can't make claims because heterogeneity of the group
do you know the name of the dude who created this model?
Witworth et al
BONUS: factors affecting word production?
frequency of word
imageability of word
word length
familiarity
age of acquisition
BONUS neurotypical speech error what is a substitution
bat->mat
BNOUS neurotypical speech error what is a sound based error
cantaloupe-> candle light