Human Geography Stuff (1)
1. Choke Point Definition/Example
2. Shatterbelt Definition/Example
1. Strait of Hormuz, Panama Canal, Suez Canal
2. Balkans, "Third World" during Cold War
3 ways to determine a border between nations?
Define, Delimit, Demarcate
Intensive vs. extensive agriculture + give an example of each
Intensive = low land use, high input cost
Extensive = high land use, low input cost
1. Theory that the natural environment shapes human and societal actions
2. Theory that humans can adjust to environment challenges through innovation and technology.
Environmental Determinism
Possibilism
Popular culture vs. folk culture + one example of each
Pop = urban, spreads quickly, "trends"
Folk = rural, does not spread, "traditional"
Give an example of a small-scale and a large-scale map.
Small = global
Large = city streets
Universalizing vs. ethnic religion + example of each
Universalizing = seeks to spread and grow
Ethnic = tied to a specific culture/place
Centrifugal vs. Centripetal Forces + cultural example of each
Centrifugal = factors that divide a society
Centripetal = factors that unite a society
1. Define primate city + one negative/positive
2. Define rank-size rule + one negative/positive
Primate = significantly larger than any other city
Rank-Size = city sizes are more dispersed
Unitary = power is centralized
BRIEFLY summarize the three agricultural revolutions.
First/Neolithic = domestication of plants and animals
Second = improvements in machinery and early chemicals reduce need for workers
Third/Green = GMOs, advancements in technology massively increase food supply
Metes and bounds vs. township and range vs. long lots?
Metes and bounds = based on natural features
Township/Range = grid system (lat/lon)
Long Lot = narrow plots that border a transport route
Acculturation vs. assimilation vs. syncretism?
Acculturation = keeping some traits, adopting others
Assimilation = fully adopting new culture
Syncretism = blending different traits into one
Three factors taken into account to calculate HDI?
Explain GDP vs. GNP vs. GNI.
GDP = value of all production within a country's borders regardless of ownership.
GNP = value of everything that citizens of a country produce globally regardless of borders.
GNI = total of all income earned by a country's citizens
1. State vs. nation?
2. Nation-State vs. Stateless Nation?
Nation = group w/ shared culture, identity
Nation-State = state comprised of one nation
Stateless Nation = nation w/ no sovereign state
1. One positive, one negative of neoliberalism/free market ideology
2. One positive, one negative of government regulation of the economy
1. Pro: more competition/freedom = cheaper products, Con: companies will exploit workers/destroy environment for profits
2. Pro: less exploitation of workers, higher wages, more safety, Con: companies may offshore manufacturing or move entirely if over-regulated
Defining feature of...
1. Multiple Nuclei Model
2. Hoyt Sector Model
3. Latin American City Model
4. Southeast Asian City Model
1. Multiple CBDs
2. Sectors along transportation routes
3. Central spine
4. Port area
1. What did Malthus believe and why was he wrong?
2. What did Rostow believe and why was he wrong?
1. Population would outpace food supply... didn't predict future innovations
2. Five definitive economic steps that every country goes through... ignored geographic differences + legacy of colonialism
1. Why/when does industrialization occur?
2. Why/when does deindustrialization occur?
1. Growing urbanization, access to raw materials, new inventions
2. Rising cost of living, increased government regulation, shift towards service industries
BRIEFLY explain the five stages of the DTM.
Stage 1 = high BR, high DR, low pop.
Stage 2 = high BR, low DR, pop. rising rapidly
Stage 3 = slowly declining BR, low DR, pop. growing
Stage 4 = BR nears DR, pop. stabilizes
Stage 5 = BR falls below DR, pop. declines
BRIEFLY define the five themes of geography.
Location (abs.,rel.), Place (site,situ.), Human-Environment Interaction, Movement, Region
Relocation, Expansion, Hierarchical, Contagious, Stimulus
BRIEFLY explain the five rings of Von Thunen's model.
Market, Perishable Ag., Forestry, Grain Farming, Ranching/Livestock
BRIEFLY explain the five economic sectors (example job AND type of country it might be found in)
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary, Quinary