Cities & Urban Land Use
The growth of cities and movement of people into urban areas is called this.
Urbanization
This sector includes farming, mining, fishing, and extracting raw materials.
Primary sector
The raising of animals for food or products is called this.
Livestock ranching / animal agriculture
The downtown business area of a city is called this.
Central Business District / CBD
This sector includes manufacturing and construction.
Secondary sector
The physical location of a city is called this.
Site
This sector includes services like education, health care, retail, and banking.
Tertiary sector
This type of agriculture grows one crop over a large area.
Monocropping / monoculture
The movement of middle- and upper-income residents into older urban neighborhoods is called this.
Gentrification
This sector includes research, technology, and information work.
Quaternary sector
A city’s relative location and connections to other places is called this.
Situation
This theory divides countries into core, semi-periphery, and periphery.
Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory
This is the clearing of forested land for farming, often causing environmental damage.
Deforestation
This is uncontrolled outward growth of cities.
Urban sprawl
This model argues countries move through stages toward high mass consumption.
Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth
This model places the central business district at the center with rings of land use around it.
Concentric Zone Model
This is the loss of industrial jobs in a region.
Deindustrialization
This system links farmers, processors, distributors, retailers, and consumers.
Agricultural commodity chain / supply chain
This rule controls how land may be used in different parts of a city.
Zoning
This is when companies move jobs or production to another country to reduce costs.
Offshore outsourcing
Why do cities often develop near rivers, ports, or transportation routes?
They support trade, movement, resources, and economic activity.
Why are peripheral countries often dependent on core countries?
They often export raw materials or cheap labor while importing expensive finished goods.
Why might commercial agriculture replace small family farms?
Large farms use technology, economies of scale, and global markets to produce more cheaply and efficiently.
Why can urban sprawl create environmental problems?
It increases car dependence, land consumption, habitat loss, pollution, and infrastructure costs.
Why is sustainable development difficult to achieve?
Countries must balance economic growth, resource use, environmental protection, and social needs.