Agricultural Revolutions
What agricultural revolution saw the development of animal husbandry?
1st Ag Revolution
Which type of agriculture is also referred to as "slash-and-burn"?
Shifting cultivation
What is the name for theory the in which property that is located closer to a population center/market district is more expensive than land that is further away?
Bid-Rent Theory
1. What is monocropping?
2. What is monoculture?
1. Planting the same crop year after year
2. One crop at a time, but rotating seasonally
What is the difference between hybrid plants and GMOs?
Hybrid = two different strains cross-bred to create a new plant
GMOs = DNA is modified to produce more yield
What once-common type of agriculture is still widely practiced in Central Asia (Mongolia)?
Pastoral Nomadism/Nomadic Herding
Linear
What are two possible long-term consequences of agriculture?
Desertification, deforestation, habitat destruction, etc.
What are three important inventions of the Second Agricultural Revolution?
Steel Plow, McCormick Reaper, Seed Drill, Cotton Gin, Fertilizer, Grain Elevator
Would ranching be considered intensive or extensive agriculture? Why?
Extensive; low input/cost, but requires more land
What are two reasons why Von Thünen's model isn't as relevant today as it once was?
Modern inventions (refrigeration), globalization (cities don't have to be self-sufficient), forest ring is unnecessary today
What are two problematic aspects of commodity chains?
Can make prices higher, one broken link can throw off the whole chain
Who was Norman Borlaug, and what did he achieve?
"Father of the Green Revolution"
Created hybrid wheat varieties that saved billions of lives
What are two types of agriculture that would be largely based on the production of cash/luxury crops?
Plantation Ag and Mediterranean Ag (maybe truck farming)
Starting from the middle, what are the 5 distinct areas of the Von Thünen Model? (500 pts)
Market-Perishable Ag. (Dairy/Vegetables)-Forestry-Grain Ag.-Ranching/Livestock
1. What is a food desert? (200 pts)
2. What are food miles? (200 pts)
(Both in the context of the U.S/core countries)
1. Areas lacking easy access to healthy, affordable food (people rely on fast food/convenience stores)
2. Distance food travels from production to consumer (produces pollution)
How did the Second Agricultural Revolution lead to...
1. Longer global lifespans
2. Increased urban populations
(200 points each)
1. Higher caloric intake due to food variety and surplus = healthier people = longer lives
2. Loss of jobs in agricultural sector forced migration from rural to urban areas
Name three major agricultural hearths.
Fertile Crescent, Sub-Saharan Africa, Central America, East Asia, SE Asia
Define metes-and-bounds, township/range, and long lots settlement patterns. Where is each type most common in North America? (200 pts each)
MB = based on natural features, common in areas of early English settlement
TR = based on absolute location, common in midwest and west (later settlement)
LL = shared access to transportation features, common in French-settled areas (Louisiana, Quebec)
In the U.S., why are large "industrial" farms expanding while smaller "family" farms are going extinct? (Multi-part answer)
Large farms produce more profit... more profit = better equipment, better inputs... better equipment/inputs = better efficiency = even more profit... small farms can't compete, are bought out by large farms that just get even bigger