1st Ag Revolution
What type of agriculture started during the 1st agricultural revolution? (subsistence or commericial)
subsistence
Name two inventions of the 2nd Agricultural Revolution
This rural settlement pattern features homes grouped closely together in a village, with farmland located outside the settlement rather than around individual houses.
Clustered Settlement
What is in the first ring outside of the market AND why are those items found in the first ring?
Dairy/Horticulture AND perishable foods - quickly spoil
What commercial farming practice mainly used large scale machinery (tractors) - very automated, found in the middle part of the U.S.
Grain Farming
The _____________________ was the global movement of plants and animals between Afro-Eurasia and the Americas. ______________ was a crop transferred from the Americas to Europe.
Columbian Exchange; corn
Another name for the 3rd Agricultural Revolution is the _________ Revolution. It included the use ____________ the process of breeding together two plants that have desirable traits
Green; Hybrids
Long, narrow plots of land stretching back from a river or road characterize this French-influenced survey system.
Long Lot Survey Method
What is in the 4th ring of Von Thunen's Model and why is that type of agriculture located there?
Cattle/Ranching AND self-transportation and cattle need large amounts of land to graze
____________________ is a process used by corporations to gather resources and transform them to consumers (EXAMPLE: planting, growing, harvesting, processing, and marketing)
Commodity Chain (or supply chain)
Developed during the 1st agricultural revolution - this method is used when farmers need to clear land and have soil that lacks sufficient amounts of nutrients needed to grow crops quickly
Slash and Burn (or shifting cultivation)
When did the 3rd agricultural revolution begin and what are two improvements/advancements that came about because of it?
1950's (mid 20th century) AND hybrids, GMO's, more advance machinery, higher yields, more affordable food
This settlement pattern develops along transportation routes such as rivers, roads, or canals, forming a long, narrow shape.
Linear Settlement Pattern
What is in the 3rd ring of Von Thunen's Model and why is that type of agriculture located there?
Grain AND light weight/cheap land
Agriculture that involves greater inputs of capital and paid labor relative to the amount of space being used (example: market gardening)
Intensive Agriculture
Deforestation (which causes erosion) and the over use of irrigation systems (which take water from freshwater sources, such as aquifers) can cause ____________________; the process in which land becomes less fertile and eventually unusable
Desertification
About when and where did the 2nd agricultural revolution begin?
1750s-1850s AND England
This irregular land division system reflects natural features and long-term occupation rather than geometric planning.
Metes and Bounds Survey Method
This specific economic theory provides the mathematical foundation for Von Thünen's model, stating that the price a farmer is willing to pay for land decreases as the distance to the central market increases, primarily because of rising transportation costs.
Bid-Rent Theory
The _______ Sea is an example of how farming can damage the environment. Excessive irrigation has increased the amounts of salt while decreasing the amounts of fresh water.
Aral
About when and where did the 1st agricultural revolution begin?
10,000 to 12,000 years ago AND Southwest Asia (Fertile Crescent/Mesopotamia)
The 3rd Agricultural Revolution has improved food production (such as grain) in less developed areas except for what region
Sub-Sahara Africa
This land survey method, used widely in the United States, divides land into townships and sections to create a checkerboard pattern.
Township and Range Survey Method
Which two costs is the commercial farmer most concerned with?
Land cost and Transportation Cost
What commercial farming practice is found in the following places: Chile, Italy, France, California (notice they all have something in common) AND name one crop they grow
Mediterranean AND grapes, olives, dates, figs