Intro to Agriculture
This transition, beginning roughly 10,000 years ago, saw humans shift from hunter-gatherers to sedentary farmers.
What is the First Agricultural Revolution (Neolithic Revolution)
This revolution coincided with the Industrial Revolution and introduced the seed drill and improved crop rotation.
What is the Second Agricultural Revolution?
In Von Thünen’s model, this activity is located in the first ring (outside the market) because products are highly perishable and heavy to transport.
What is Dairy
This intensive subsistence practice, common in South and East Asia, involves growing crops on hillsides to maximize land use.
What is terrace farming
This process occurs when semi-arid grasslands are overgrazed or over-farmed, turning them into non-productive areas.
What is Desertification
This specific type of subsistence agriculture involves moving with herds of animals to different grazing pastures; it is currently declining due to modern border restrictions.
What is Pastoral Nomadism
Often called the "Father of the Green Revolution," this scientist won a Nobel Peace Prize for developing high-yield wheat varieties.
Who is Norman Borlaug?
This is the primary factor Von Thünen used to determine where a farmer would locate their crops.
Found in Mediterranean climates, this specific type of agriculture is famous for producing grapes, olives, and citrus.
What is horticulture
This term refers to the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.
What is Agribusiness
This transition involved the shift from using animals and human labor to using machines like tractors and combines.
What is Mechanization (Industrial Revolution)
This is the primary environmental concern regarding the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides during the Green Revolution.
What is Runoff (Water Pollution)
According to the model, this would be located in the ring farthest from the city because it requires the most land and produces the lowest value per acre.
What is Ranching (Livestock)
This type of subsistence agriculture, often practiced in tropical rainforests, involves clearing land by burning vegetation.
What is Slash and Burn (Shifting Cultivation
To be labeled this, crops must be grown without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, or GMOs.
What is Organic Agriculture
This term refers to any crop that is grown specifically for sale off the farm rather than for consumption.
What is a cash crop
This controversial technology involves directly altering a plant's DNA to make it resistant to pests or drought, a hallmark of the "Third" Agricultural Revolution.
What are GMOs/Genetically Modified Organisms
This ring (give the crop/resource) is no longer as relevant in today's agriculture, because it is not usually part of daily use.
What is lumber
This type of agriculture involves concentrating large amounts of animals (typically cattle) in one area.
What are Feed Lots (CAFOs)
This term describes an area, often in low-income urban neighborhoods, where residents have little to no access to fresh, healthy food.
What is a Food Desert
This happens when a country focuses on the production of one product often times cash crops and leads to economic risk.
What is a Banana Republic
This 19th-century economic theory, which predicted that population growth would eventually outpace food production leading to mass starvation, was largely "disproven" by the innovations of the Second and Third Agricultural Revolutions.
What is Malthusian theory (Thomas Malthus)
This term describes the survey system that uses physical features like trees and streams to define property boundaries.
What are Metes and Bounds
This extensive practice involves the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas.
What is Transhumance
This movement aims to provide better price guarantees and working conditions for farmers in LDCs (Less Developed Countries).
What is Fair Trade