Agricultural Practices
Livestock ranching would best be described as ______ farming, while horticulture (market gardening) tends to be more ______ farming.
extensive, intensive
Rural-to-urban migration occurred during the _______ Agricultural Revolution in conjunction with the ________ _______.
Second, Industrial Revolution
______ _______, practiced largely in drylands and arid climates, is an example of subsistent extensive agriculture.
Pastoral nomadism
The primary goal of _________ farming is to feed one's self and family, while the primary goal of _______ farming is to make a profit.
subsistence, commercial
True or false? the closer the land is to an urban center, the less valuable it is.
FALSE. Distance-decay tells us land closer to the market is MORE valuable.
Because of its considerable use of land, _______ farming practices occupy the largest percentage of the world's total land area.
extensive
Land survey methods developed during the ________ Agricultural Revolution.
Second
Growing crops to sell
Commercial agriculture
Type of agriculture where crops are grown as food for livestock
Mixed crop-livestock
While ______ settlements tend to occur in areas with high social and political stability, _______ settlements are relics of a time when living and farming were more communal and are advantageous for defense.
dispersed, clustered/nucleated
True or false? The same crop can be grown in distant countries, such as the US and China, as long as the climate and physical geography are similar.
TRUE! Climate and physical geography are the biggest indicators of whether or not a crop can be grown somewhere. Generally, a crop will grow anywhere that has a similar climate to its hearth.
Crops and animals were domesticated in multiple regions simultaneously without any interaction between people. This is known as the _______ ________ ___________
First Agricultural Revolution
(Neolithic Revolution)
TRIPLE JEOPARDY: Identify THREE agricultural hearths
Humans have altered the physical environment to increase agricultural production through techniques like ________ and ______ _______.
irrigation, terrace farming
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: Terrace farming is commonly used in Asia for ______ _____ farming.
True or false? All agribusinesses are commercial farms, but not all commercial farms are agribusiness.
TRUE! Agribusiness involves the integration of various steps of production in the food-processing industry and are always meant to create a profit, however not all commercial farms are large enough to be considered agribusiness.
The _________ system of surveying land emphasized the value of access to a river for water and trade, and resulted in a ______ settlement pattern.
French long-lot, linear
This type of farming is practiced in warm mid-latitude climates across Europe and certain coastal regions of the Americas, Africa, and Australia.
Mediterranean farming.
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: what crops are commonly associated with this type of farming?
The mechanization of agricultural practices during the Second Ag Rev resulted in higher _______ and a growing ______.
yields, population
Under colonialism, this type of commercial agriculture has often replaced subsistence farming.
plantation agriculture
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: Name 2 negative consequences of plantation agriculture on rural communities.
In the increasingly globalized modern market, the consumer can expect to receive their goods through a ______ ______, which allows large corporate farms to produce, process, and distribute their goods.
commodity chain
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: This practice is when a farm has ownership over the other businesses involved in the steps of agricultural production.
The township and range survey method developed as a government policy in _________, and tends to be geometrically shaped like _____.
United States, squares/rectangles
Because it requires significant amounts of water, paddy rice farming tends to found in _______ climates on the ________ continent.
tropical, Asian
True or false? Corn was first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent and later diffused to Mesoamerica through the Columbian Exchange.
FALSE! Corn, or maize, was first domesticated in Mesoamerica, specifically Mexico.
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: What type of diffusion would the Colombian Exchange be considered?
Farmers who rely on _______ _______ damage the environment by burning down parts of jungle/rainforest
shifting cultivation
One positive impact of the growth of commercial farming and agribusiness has been an increase in the ______ ______ of the land.
carrying capacity
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: Unlike small family farms, large-scale commercial farms can easily take advantage of _______ ___ _______ to increase profit margins.
Von Thunen used the ______ theory to create a model of the pattern for the types of products that farmers would produce at different positions relative to the market where they sold their goods.
bid-rent