Cities Around the World
What are the two factors that determine how cities develop?
Site and Situation
Rank size rule states
The second largest city in a country will be half the size of the largest city
In which kinds of places can we observe low, medium, and high population density patterns?
Low: Rural area, small town
Medium: Suburb
High: City
The favelas in Brazil initially started as __________, which develop as a result of lack of access to affordable housing.
Squatter Settlements
How is quantitative data collected? How is qualitative data collected?
Quantitative: Census
Qualitative: Interviews and field studies
Open-ended (Anything involving geographic features)
What are the four main components of Central Place Theory?
Central place, range, threshold, and breaking point
What are the two different kinds of urban data that geographers collect? What is the difference?
In core area cities, the practice of buying up and rehabilitating deteriorating housing which resulted in the raising of housing values and a social change in neighborhoods is called
Gentrification
Describe the urban heat island
A mass of warm air generated by urban building materials and human activities
What is a boomburb? List an example
Large suburbs (100,00+), Own government, Connected to a city by highway, Rapid growth, More sustainable development
Does not accurately explain all urban growth, mega urban regions, and does not take into account factors such as physical geography
Describe the impact of infrastructure on urban development
Open-ended
Describe the concept of inclusionary zoning. What is one pro and one con?
A policy that requires new developments to have affordable housing options
Pro: desegregation, upward mobility, little $ from gov
Con: Limits free market, not always effective in practice
Describe the characteristics of edge cities
Started as suburbs, located near highways, self-sufficient, population increases in the AM and decreases in the PM
What are megacities? What are some of the challenges that arise as they continue to develop?
According to Hoyt's sector model, each spoke represents _________
Transportation Routes such as highway systems
Define the concept of urban sprawl
The decline in density and the spread of urban space associated with the building of freeways in the second half of the twentieth century
List and describe two solutions to urban sustainability issues
Brownfield redevelopments, urban rooftop farms, climate change adaptation planning, farmland protection acts, regional planning efforts
What is the multiple nuclei model. Can you apply it to a large city like Chicago?
CBD- Loop/Gold Coast, etc.
Areas like O'Hare for transportation
Woodfield, Oak Brook, Old Orchard
Describe the relationship between world cities and globalization
World cities are economic centers that drive globalization through transportation and communication
What are the similarities and differences between the Latin American, Sub-Saharan African, and Southeast Asian city models?
Similarities: All influenced by colonization
Differences: Structure and function of CBD
Which of the following cities demonstrates how investments in infrastructure can drive economic growth through improved transportation and trade connections:
London- focused on maintaining and upgrading existing systems, such as the London Underground and Heathrow Airport.
Tokyo- extensive infrastructure like high-speed rail (Shinkansen) and Narita International Airport, but its primary focus has been domestic connectivity and technology development
Singapore- Singapore has heavily invested in its port infrastructure (Port of Singapore), making it one of the busiest ports globally. Additionally, Changi Airport is a major hub for trade
Singapore
What is new urbanism? What are the goals of new urbanism?
A movement that prioritizes environmental sustainability by creating walkable neighborhoods, containing different housing and job types
What are primate cities? Describe the relationship between primate cities and rank size rule
Primate cities are the largest city in a country that dominates the country in both size and in terms of economy, culture, etc. (usually in LDC), 2x the size of the second largest city (disproportionately large, proving rank size rule incorrect)