Themes and Anatomy
The study of body structure is called Anatomy; what is the study of body function called?
Physiology
What are the three primary subatomic particles that make up an atom?
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
What is the term for the "fuzzy" carbohydrate coat located on the outer surface of a plasma membrane that handles cell identity?
The glycocalyx
During which explicit phase of the cell cycle is DNA polymerase active and replicating the genetic code?
S phase - Synthesis
What are the four primary broad tissue classes found in adult human organs?
Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, and Muscular tissue
What type of specialized anatomy involves using a microscope to examine tissues?
Histology (microscopic anatomy)
If a solution has a pH of 4, how many times higher is its hydrogen ion ($\text{H}^+$) concentration than a solution with a pH of 8?
10,000 times
If the ribosomes of a cell were completely destroyed, which vital cellular process would immediately stop?
Protein synthesis
If a template strand of DNA reads CTGAC, what is the exact complementary sequence of the mRNA strand transcribed from it?
GACUG
Which of the three primary embryonic germ layers gives rise to both the epidermis of the skin and the entire nervous system?
ectoderm
What is the term for an "educated speculation" or a testable answer to a scientific question?
Hypothesis
Biomolecules that generally have a strict 2:1 structural ratio of hydrogen to oxygen belong to what class?
Carbohydrates
What mathematical physical boundary limits how large a living cell can grow before it becomes metabolically inefficient?
surface-area-to-volume ratio
What is the explicit technical term used to describe the division of a cell's nucleus?
Mitosis
What is the technical term for "programmed cell death," where normal cells completed their function and die cleanly to get out of the way?
apoptosis
Which ancient physician conducted animal dissections and served as a prominent doctor to Roman gladiators?
Claudius Galen
Which organic functional group, essential to building amino acids, uniquely contains nitrogen bound to hydrogen?
The amino group (-NH2)
What is the double-membraned organelle that features an internal matrix and folded internal shelves called cristae?
mitochondrion
All non-reproductive cells in the human body containing 23 pairs of chromosomes are collectively called what?
Somatic
Which specialized epithelial tissue lines the urinary bladder and features uniquely rounded, dome-shaped apical cells when relaxed?
transitional epithelium
A term named after a person (like the "Fallopian tube") is known as what?
An eponym
Blood is composed of three mixture types. What is the specific structural term for the large proteins suspended in blood plasma that do not settle out?
A colloid
What is the primary physical force driving filtration across a capillary membrane compared to the concentration gradient that drives simple diffusion?
fluid pressure
What is the term for the total collective collection of alleles present within a specific breeding population?
The gene pool
If an exocrine gland releases its cellular product by having the entire secretory cell build up product, break apart, and disintegrate completely, what mode of secretion is it using?
Holocrine secretion