Past Exam Questions
True or False...
Heart rate decreases with age and is attenuated in individuals on β-adrenergic blocking agents?
True
What are the three primary altitude illnesses?
AMS, high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)
What is the social cognitive theory (SCT) of exercise behavior?
(What are the three components to SCT and what do they influence?)
Reciprocal determinism: the individual, behavior, and their environment all interact to influence behavior
What effect does β-blockers (BB) have on cardiac output?
Decrease or no change during exercise
Hypothermia occurs when...
(compare metabolic heat production and heat loss)
Metabolic heat loss exceeds heat production
In resistance training, the magnitude of loading (i.e. amount of weight lifted) refers to...
Intensity
What is the most advocated method for reducing the risk and prevention of high-altitude illnesses?
(How much can you ascend before resting?)
Graded ascent of 600 m*d-1 and a rest day every 600-1,200 m
A source of self-efficacy information is vicarious experiences...
Describe that and give a strategy to implement this
Have individuals watch others with similar backgrounds perform tasks
Relatable group leaders, use videos to model behavior, discuss/show 'success stories'
What effect does angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) have on blood pressure?
Decrease during rest and exercise
The most common form of serious heat illness is...
Heat exhaustion
The rate-pressure product is calculated by...
SBP x HR
What is a special consideration for minimizing the negative effects of high altitude in regards to hydration? And give a why.
Reasonably increase hydration beyond normal expected amount for exertion.
Offset fluid loss through lower humidity with increased elevation
What is the exercise-specific definition of perceived barriers in the Health Belief Model (HBM)?
Beliefs about the direct and indirect costs associated with exercise
What are the three major vasodilating agents in medication?
Nitrates, α-Blockers, and Central α-agonists
"Extreme" altitude is defined as...
Above 5,500 meters
The normal heart rate response to incremental exercise is to increase with increasing workloads at a rate of approx. ____ beats * min-1 per 1 MET
10 beats * min-1 per 1 MET
Wet skin exposed to the wind cools faster. If the skin is wet and exposed to wind, the ambient temperature used for the WCT table should be _____ lower than the actual ambient temperature.
10°C
What does each letter of the SMARTS principle of goal setting represent?
Specific: goals should be precise
Measurable: goals should be quantifiable
Action-oriented: goals should indicate what needs to be done
Realistic: goals should be achievable
Timely: goals should have a specific and realistic time frame
Self-determined: goals should be developed primarily by the individual
Inhaled corticosteroids help alleviate the symptoms of what disease?
Asthma, COPD (Chronic Bronchitis or Emphysema)
Individual body weight should be monitored to estimate sweat loss to prevent a body weight loss of...?
>2.0%
When the resting ECG is abnormal, and exercise test can be combined with other techniques to augment predictive value, which adjunctive technique can assess motion of the walls of the myocardium in diagnosing IHD?
Echocardiography
What are two prominent signs and symptoms, and the mental status change of a person experiencing exertional heatstroke?
Disorientation, dizziness, irrational behavior, apathy, headache, nausea, vomiting, hyperventilation, & wet skin
Marked (disoriented, unresponsive)
What are the five stages of change described in the transtheoretical model of exercise behavior? And a general description of each...
Precontemplation (no intention to be regularly active in the next 6 months)
Contemplation (intending to be regularly active in the next 6 months)
Preparation (intending to be regularly active in the next 30 days)
Action (regularly active for <6 months)
Maintenance (regularly active for ≥6 months)
What is the effect of caffeine on exercise capacity? Why?
Increases exercise endurance by increasing heart rate over period of time
What is a common and very effective drug for the treatment of dyslipidemia?
Statins