Apologia Biology Module 5

Definitions

100

An organic compound giving a specific color to plant or animal cells.

Pigment

200

A series of electron-carrying molecules within a membrane that transfer electrons and release energy at each transfer.

Electron Transport Chain

300

Gel-like fluid found inside the inner membrane of a chloroplast.

Stroma

400

The first stage of cellular respiration where glucose is split in half.

Glycolysis

500

The stage of cellular respiration where carbon dioxide is used to complete the breakdown of pyruvic acid molecules, releasing energy.

Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport Chain

100

The start of the electron transport chain. These two systems take in light and split water molecules.

Photosystem I and Photosystem II

200

The primary two outputs from the electron transport chain are as inputs for this cycle.

Calvin Cycle

300

These are the two different inputs for the Electron Transport Chain.

Sunlight and Water (or H₂O)

400

These are the three different outputs from the Electron Transport Chain

Oxygen and ATP and NADPH

500

This enzyme uses the movement of the hydrogen ions through its protein channel to rotate, which causes reactions which form ATP.

ATP Synthase

Krebs Cycle

100

The Krebs Cycle is the third stage in this process.

Cellular Respiration

200

The input for the Krebs cycle.

Acetyl CoA

300

This stage of cellular respiration prepares Pyruvic Acid to be used by the Krebs Cycle.

The Link Reaction

400

The four different outputs from the Krebs cycle.

CO₂ and ATP and NADH and FADH₂

500

The Krebs Cycle combines the molecule of acetyl CoA with a four-carbon compound to create this. This is then broken down into the Krebs Cycle's outputs.

Citric Acid

Plant Cell Structure

100

This gives plants their green color and is necessary for photosynthesis.

Chlorophyll

200

Stacks of thylakoids.

Grana or Granum

300

Gel-like fluid found inside the inner membrane of a chloroplast.

Stroma

400

This disk-shaped sac is the site of the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Thylakoid

500

Part of the plant cell where photosynthesis takes place.

Chloroplast

Miscellaneous :)

100

This molecule was compared to a dollar bill, as it is much easier to spend then other forms of energy.

ATP

200

This process was mentioned as being a "light independent" process.

Calvin Cycle

300

Adenosine and two phosphate groups are the components of this molecule.

ADP

400

This was found and named before its counterpart, which explains its strangely ordered name.

Photosystem II

500

Name three pigments used in photosynthesis.

Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, anthocyanins, or phycobilins.