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Acids and Bases
Identification
Reactions
A Little Math
Concentration
100
A substance that turns one color in the presence of acids and another color in the presence of bases.
What is an indicator?
100
These split into their individual ions when dissolved in water.
What are ionic compounds?
100
What most acids have as the first atom in a formula.
What is "H"?
100
A concentration unit that tells how many moles of a substance are in a liter of solution. Determined by dividing the number of moles of a substance by the number of liters of solution.
What is Molarity (M) M = #moles/#liters
100
Adding water to a solution to decrease the concentration.
What is dilution?
200
A molecule that donates protons or (H+) ions.
What is an acid?
200
Three general characteristics of bases.
What is bitter taste, slippery to the touch when dissolved in water, and turns red litmus paper blue?
200
What most bases contain in their formula.
What is "OH"?
200
Dilution equation.
What is M1V1 = M2V2?
200
Usually used by chemists to express concentration.
What is Molarity (M)
300
A molecule that accepts protons or (H+) ions.
What is a base?
300
Three basic properties of acids.
What is sour taste, covalent compound that conducts electricity when added to water, and turn blue litmus paper red?
300
The products of acid-base reactions are almost always these.
What are salt (ionic compound) and water (H2O)?
300
Concentration (in Molarity) when 3.51 moles of HNO3 are dissolved in enough water to make 1.2 liters of solution.
What is 2.9M
300
The process of slowly reacting a base of unknown concentration with acid of known concentration (or vice versa) until just enough acid has been added to react with all of the base. This process determines the concentration of the unknown base (or acid).
What is titration?
400
Compounds that can act as either an acid or a base, depending on the situation.
What is an amphiprotic compound?
400
Three steps to identifying acids and bases in chemical reactions.
What are look for ionic compounds, split them into their ions, and determine which molecule lost an H+ ion and which gained an H+ ion?
400
The number of H+ ions accepted by covalent bases (i.e. when water acts as a base).
What is one H+ ion?
400
The concentration (in M) when 4.1 grams of H3PO4 are dissolved in enough water to make 45 ml of solution.
What is 0.93 M
400
In a titration, what is the significance of the endpoint?
What is that the endpoint tells you that you have added just enough acid in your titration to eat up all of the base in your unknown solution. It can also tell you that you have added just enough base to your titration to eat up all of the acid in your unknown solution, depending on whether your unknown is an acid or a base.
500
An acid that can donate more than one H+ ion.
What is a polyprotic acid?
500
Identify the acid in the following reaction: PH3 + CH4O yields CH3O- + PH4+
What is CH4O?
500
Chemical reaction that occurs when HBr is mixed with water. (write out the balanced chemical equation)
What is HBr + H2O yields H3O+ plus Br-
500
A chemist has 12.0 M HBr and would like to use it to make 500.0 ml of 3.5 M HBr. How will she do this?
What is use the dilution equation and to find she needs 1.5x10(2) ml of the original solution diluted with enough water to make 500.0 ml of solution.
500
A solution of H2SO4 is titrated against 1.2 M KOH. A total of 345.1 ml of KOH must be added to a 500.0 ml sample of H2SO4 in order to reach the endpoint. What is the concentration of the H2SO4?
What is 0.42 M