Definitions
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Neutral
The outermost level of electrons is called:
Valence Electrons
The strength of an acid and base is on a scale called the
pH Scale
When a liquid becomes gas it is called the ____ point
boiling point
Atom
The smallest chemical unit of matter
List the 3 smaller components of atoms
Protons, neutrons, electrons
When atoms share electrons they create a bond called:
Covalent
Name an acid
battery acid, lemon juice, apple juice, tomato juice, black coffee, milk
In a chemical formula, the ___ is on the left of the arrow and the ___ is on the right of the arrow
product
Mixture
A substance that contains different compounds and/or elements.
The __ and ___ are in the nucleus and the ____ spin around the nucleus
protons, neutrons, electrons
The bond that forms when ions are attracted to each other.
Ionic Bond
egg, baking soda, hand soap, ammonia solution, bleach
Physical Change
A change in which the atoms or molecules in a substance stay the same.
Electrons spin in ___. Electrons can ____ from one to another. The farther away from the nucleus the _____ energy.
Orbitals
Jump
Higher
Define cations and anions
Cations: positive ions
Anions: negative ions
Name 1 property of base and 1 property of acid
acid: taste sour, conduct electricity in water, donate hydrogen ions
base: taste chalky and bitter, feel slippery to the touch, receive hydrogen ions
The ____ and ____ of a material will determine whether that material is a ____ , ____ , _____
pressure, temperature
solid, liquid, gas
Chemical Change
A change that affects the type of molecules or atoms in a substance.
The model of the atom is called the ____ and is named for _____ who came up with it.
Neils Bohr
Bonds are formed because electrons....
Desire that valence electron shells are filled
The pH scale is a _____ scale - each step increases by a factor of ___
logarithmic
10
Some elements in nature do not naturally exist as individual atoms - they are called