Laws
True or False. Newton believed that studying science was actually learning about God.
True
Greek philosopher, who lived from 384-322 BC, spent an enormous amount of time observing and thinking about the world around him.
Aristotle
The result from surfaces rubbing against one another
Friction
Something that opposes the initiation of motion
Static Friction
When a baseball players hit the ball hard enough, their bats can sometimes break. What is exerting the force on the bat, causing it to break? (#10)
The ball exerts a force on the bat. This is the equal and opposite force demanded by Newton's Third Law of Motion.
Newton's first law is often referred as...
Law of Inertia
Born in England in 1642, he was interested in learning about how the world worked, and he devoted his life to performing experiments designed to help him understand creation.
Sir Isaac Newton
Something that opposes motion once the motion has already started
Kinetic Friction
In Space, there is almost no air, so there is virtually no friction. If an astronaut throws a ball in space w/ an initial velocity of 3.0 meters per second to the west, what will the ball's velocity be in a year? Assume there are no nearby planets. (#3)
Newton's 1st Law of motion tells us that an object will not change velocity until acted on by an outside force. once the ball is thrown, no forces are operation on the ball... thus its velocity will still be 3.0 meters per second to the west.
A pilot is flying a mission to drop bombs on an enemy airfield. The plan is flying high and fast to the north, and the city is due north. Should the pilot drop the bombs before the plane is over the airfield, when the plan is over the airfield, or after the plane has passed the airfield? (#3)
Before the plane reaches the airfield.
Newton's First Law
An object in motion (or rest) will tend to stay in motion (or at rest) until it is acted upon by an outside force.
He built the first reflecting telescope.
Sir Isaac Newton
The tendency of an object to resist changes in its velocity
Inertia
When roads get wet, they can get slick. Obviously, then, the friction between a car's tires and the road decreases when the road is wet. Why? (#7)
The water fills in the grooves in the road, reducing how close the tire molecules can get to the road molecules. This situation is called "hydroplaning".
An ice cube (mass=1.0kg) slides down an inclined serving tray with an acceleration of 4.0 meters per second2. Ignoring friction, how much force is pulling the ice cube down the serving tray? (#5)
Total force = (mass) x (acceleration)
Total force = 1.0kg (x) 4.0 m/sec2
= 4.0 Newtons
The ice cube is being pulled w/ a force of 400 Newtons down the tray.
Newton's Third Law of Motion
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
He was a Polish scientist that was raised and educated Roman Catholic. He declared the geocentric theory lacking and his work was put on the list of banned books.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Total force =
(mass) x (acceleration)
A boy is running north with a beanbag in his hands. He passes a tree and at the moment he is beside the tree, he drops the beanbag. Will the beanbag land next to the tree? If not, will it be north or south of the tree? (#4)
The beanbag will not fall next to the tree. Instead it will fall north of the tree.
You are looking through a physicist's laboratory notebook and notice 2 numbers for the friction between a block of wood and a laboratory bench. The numbers are 8 Newtons and 11 Newtons. Which refers to static friction and which refers to kinetic friction? (#8)
Since static friction is generally greater than kinetic friction,11 Newtons refers to static friction, and 8 Newtons refers to kinetic friction.
What is Newton's second law?
When an object is acted on by one or more outside forces, the total force is equal to the mass of the object times the resulting acceleration.
A well respected Italian scientist and physicist who published a work showing all the evidence in favor of the Copernican system.
Galileo Galilei
The Newton is the standard unit of force and is defined as a (fraction)
kg x m
_____
sec2
Suppose the situation in question #4 is no changed... the boy is running, but now his friend stands beside the tree with the beanbag. As the boy passes, he barely taps the beanbag, causing it to fall out of his friend's hands. Will the beanbag land next to the tree? If not, will it be north or south of the tree? (#5)
The beanbag will land next to the tree.
State Newton's three laws of motion...
Newton's 1st Law: An object in motion (or rest) will tend to stay in motion (or at rest) until it is acted upon by an outside force.
Newton's 2nd Law: When an object is acted on by one or more outside forces, the total force is equal to the mass of the object times the resulting acceleration.
Newton's 3rd Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.