Define This
The study of planet Earth, including its physical structure, its composition, its history, and the processes that act on it.
What is geology?
p. 407
TRUE OR FALSE: Each mineral has a unique chemical composition and crystalline structure.
TRUE
p. 416
A series of processes in which forces within the Earth and at the surface cause rocks to continuously change from one type to another.
What is the rock cycle?
p. 419
Any process that breaks down rocks and creates sediment.
What is weathering?
p. 427
Evaporation of water from plants.
What is transpiration?
p. 422
Vibration detectors used to analyze seismic waves from earthquakes as they travel through the Earth and reach the surface.
What are seismographs?
p. 408
The scale used by mineralogists to determine mineral hardness.
What is Mohs Hardness Scale?
p. 418
Small, solid fragments of rock-like gravel, sand, silt, mud, or clay.
What is sediment?
p. 414
The most common form of mechanical weathering.
What is ice wedging or frost wedging?
p. 427
The process by which water is continuously exchanged between Earth's various water sources.
What is hydrologic cycle?
p. 422
The area of Earth's atmosphere that is influenced by the Earth's magnetic field.
What is the magnetosphere?
p. 413
Solid, naturally occurring, inorganic substances that have a definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure.
What are minerals?
p. 416
The three major groups used by geologists to classify rocks based on how they form.
What are sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rock?
p. 414
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!
This occurs when one rock collides with and scrapes along another rock.
What is abrasion?
p. 427
Types of processes which involve changing water from one phase to another.
What are evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation?
p. 422
A mineral's ability to resist being scratched.
What is hardness?
p. 418
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!
The color of powder left on a piece of unglazed porcelain used by geologists for identification.
What is a mineral's streak?
p. 417
TRUE OR FALSE: Rock types do not change form from one to another even when exposed to various forces and processes on the Earth.
FALSE
Rock types DO NOT change form.
p. 415
A type of weathering in which the chemical makeup of a rock actually changes.
What is chemical weathering?
p. 429
The sum of all water on a planet.
What is the hydrosphere?
p. 421
A process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces, or sediment.
What is weathering?
p. 420
What is luster?
p. 417
Rock that is formed when existing sedimentary or igneous rocks change because of extreme pressure and temperature.
What are metamorphic rocks?
p. 415
The act in which a chemical reaction occurs between a compound (such as a mineral) and water.
What is hydrolysis?
Water falling from the atmosphere as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
What is precipitation?
p. 423