Terms
Dendrochronology
What is the process of counting tree rings to determine the age of the tree?
The Geological Column.
What is a theoretical picture in which layers of rock from around the world are meshed together into a single, unbroken record of earth's past?
When testing for the historical accuracy of a document, this test evaluates whether or not the document we have today is the same document as the original.
According to Uniformitarians, what determines the type of fossils you find in a layer of rock?
What organisms existed during that time period.
A detailed drawing of a leaf inside a rock would be this kind of fossil.
Carbonized remains of a plant.
Minerals
What are inorganic crystalline substances found naturally in the earth?
A rock is this kind if it is formed from solidified magma.
What is Igneous Rock?
When testing for the historical accuracy of a document, this test evaluates whether or not the document contradicts itself.
According to catastrophists, what determined the type of fossils you find in a layer of rock?
The stage of the flood and what creatures were trapped at that stage.
A tree falls into a mineral-rich lake. What type of fossil will form, if any.
The tree will likely be petrified.
Petrification
What is the conversion of organic material into rock?
Fossils are typically found in this type of rock.
What is sedimentary rock?
When testing for the historical accuracy of a document, this test evaluates whether or not the document contradicts known historical or archaeological facts?
What is the external test?
Name two problems with the uniformitarian view of geology.
1) Too many fossils in the fossil record
2) T-Rex Bone with soft tissue
3) Fossil graveyards
4) Animals that were thought to be extinct but are not.
5) Assumption of paraconformities
6) Must believe in evolution, which has no evidence.
Would you be more likely to find erosion in a dense forest or barren hillside?
Barren hillside
Unconformity
A limestone rock experiences this type of weathering if it gets hit with acid rain and bubble, producing a gas.
What is chemical weathering?
An archaeologist finds a piece of pottery with a date stamped on it. The artifact has this type of age.
What is known age. (vs. absolute age)
Name two problems with the catastrophist view of geology.
1) No good explanation for unconformities.
2) Fossils formed under "normal circumstances"
3) Chalk deposits.
What is an intermediate link and why are they important?
An intermediate link is a fossil that shows characteristics of two different kinds of animals. They are important because finding them would support the theory of evolution.
Resin
What is a thick, slowly flowing liquid produced by plants that can harden into a solid?
This type of unconformity between two layers of parallel sedimentary rocks.
What is a disconformity?
The archaelogist finds a piece of jewelry in the the layer of soil above where she found the coin. It has no dates on it and no dating method can be used. But she can determine this about it's age using this principle.
She can determine that the jewelry is younger than the pottery since the pottery was found deeper in the soil. This is using the Principle of Superposition.
A geologist concludes that an unconformity must exist in a layer of rock, even though there is no evidence for one. What kind of unconformity is it and what view does the geologist likely have?
A paraconformity; likely a uniformitarian
What is Aristotle's Dictum?
The benefit of the doubt is to be given to the document itself, not assigned to the critic by himself.