Unit 1
Psychodynamic therapy has its roots in the theories of which psychologist?
Sigmund Freud
Which of the following structures is most closely associated with communication between the central nervous system and the endocrine system?
Hypothalamus
The process of converting incoming physical energy into a neural code that can be processed is called?
Transduction
puffs directed at the face. In the first phase of the study, participants in group A pressed a button that stopped the air puffs. Participants in group B pressed a button that had no effect on the air puffs. In the second phase of the study, both groups had buttons that, if pressed, would stop the air puffs.
The study most directly explores the concept of?
Learned Helplessness
Initially, intelligence quotients were calculated on the basis of a person’s mental and chronological ages. Using that approach, a person with a mental age of 12 and an intelligence score of 120 would have a chronological age of?
10
Research participants are randomly assigned to one of three groups. One group listens to a list of words, another group reads a list of words printed on paper, and the remaining group hears and reads the words. The researcher then tests the participants’ memories to see how many words the members of each group can recall. The modality in which the words are presented (i.e., auditory, visual, or both) is which type of variable?
Independent Variable
Which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with schizophrenia?
Dopamine
After Sharon stares at a patch of saturated green color for a brief period of time, she looks at a white surface and sees a red patch of color. This perceptual phenomenon is best explained by?
Opponent-Process Theory
Karl goes to see Dr. Norton to help him overcome his fear of cats. Karl’s fear began in childhood when he petted a cat and someone slammed a door. Every time Karl petted the cat, the door slammed. Now whenever Karl sees a cat, he becomes very anxious.
In the development of Karl’s fear of cats, what was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
The slamming of the door
When Amy was seven years of age, she had a babysitter from France. During this time Amy learned to speak a little French. Years later, when Amy got to college, she signed up for a beginning French class. Amy learned the material in her French class much more quickly than her classmates did. Amy’s rapid learning was most likely due to what type of memory?
Implicit Memory
Which of the following perspectives suggests that depression is due to the unconscious conflicts and hostile feelings that originate in early childhood?
Psychoanalytic (Psychodanamic)
The network of structures involved in emotion, motivation, and memory is the?
Limbic System
Which of the following describes the correct order of information processing in vision?
A. Optic nerve→rods and cones→bipolar cells→ganglion cells
B. Rods and cones→bipolar cells→ganglion cells→optic nerve
B
Steve’s cat used to run away from loud music. Over time the cat stopped running away from the sound. Which of the following processes has occurred?
Habituation
What is used as evidence against the concept of g ?
Savant Syndrome
Which of the following psychological approaches suggests that jealousy might serve an adaptive function in protecting a sexual relationship from threats?
Evolutionary
Which of the following is a disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin of neurons in the central nervous system?
Multiple Sclerosis
While attending a concert, Anthony finds that he can clearly recognize the melody coming from the lead violin above all the other instruments playing in the orchestra, even though the other instruments may be louder. Gestalt psychologists would explain Anthony’s ability using the principle of?
Figure-Ground
Because he is afraid of public speaking, Scott withdraws from a class that requires an oral presentation and enrolls in another class without a presentation requirement. He continues the pattern, switching classes each semester to avoid giving presentations. Scott’s behavior has been?
Negatively Reinforced
The type of intelligence that Howard Gardner described as individuals’ abilities to understand themselves and to be aware of their talents and limitations is?
Intrapersonal
Which of the following measures can be precisely located on the graph of a skewed distribution without doing any calculations?
Mode
Which of the following are involved in regulating circadian rhythms?
Photoreceptors, hypothalamus, pineal gland
The fovea has the greatest visual acuity in bright light primarily because the fovea is made up of which kind of photoreceptor cells?
Only Cones
Which of the following is NOT a product of learning?
A. Slowing down to avoid getting a ticket
B. Squinting in bright light
C. Doing chores in order to receive money
D. Getting acclimated to the frequent sound of trains going past one’s house
B
Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies practical intelligence as suggested by Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory?
A. A child becomes an accomplished dancer.
B. A student achieves high scores on the math and language portions of a standardized exam.
C. A club president devises a way to publicize important upcoming events.
D. A student composes a new song.
C