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School-Age Child
Adolescent
Young Adult
Middle-Age Adult
Older Adult
100
A span of time between a child's entrance into kindergarten and the beginning of adolescence, a range from 5 to 12 years of age.
What are the school-age years?
100
A common skeletal deformity with a lateral S-shaped curvature of the spine, which is convex to the right. Curves greater than 15 degrees are abnormal and can progress to significant curvature during the growth spurt. Early intervention is required to prevent disfigurement, impaired mobility, and cardiopulmonary complications.
What is scoliosis?
100
This history focuses on risk factors for unintentional injuries such as accidents, seat belt use, and alcohol consumption since these are major causes of death/disability in this age group.
What is a behavioral health history?
100
This is an angulation of the posterior spine and occurs with a loss of height by approximately one to four inches and thinning of intervertebral disks.
What is kyphosis?
100
Cellular errors are the result of deterioration over time because of continued use, in the course of aging, the individual slowly withdraws from former roles/activities, and aging is a programmed decline in the functioning of the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. The cells lose their ability to reproduce. There are specific tasks associated with aging, including adjusting to the losses of aging (health, income, death of spouse, and age peers), adapting to change and new roles and accepting life’s experiences.
What are biological, error, sociological, and developmental theories of aging?
200
Genetic inheritance, nutrition, and the physical-sociocultural environments in which the child lives.
What influences a child's growth and development?
200
A female disorder in which only one X chromosome is present. Physical assessment shows a short stature, webbed neck, low posterior hairline, low-set ears, a shield-shaped chest with widely spaced nipples and gonadal-ovarian dysgenesis. Learning disabilities commonly occur. This is seldom diagnosed before puberty and males have an extra X chromosome and typically are tall, thin, and do not develop secondary sexual characteristics and have gynecomastia. Usually there are learning/behavior problems during childhood.
What is Turners and Klinfelter’s syndrome?
200
Do no teach breast self-examination (BSE) as a screening method for breast cancer. Screening is recommended for cervical cancer for those women who are sexually active. There is little evidence to assess accuracy, benefits, or effectiveness to teach men in this age group testicular self-examination (TSE) since early testicular cancers often present as benign inflammations.
What are the current recommendations by the US Preventive Task Force for breast/testicular self-examination?
200
This is a condition of subnormally mineralized bone usually at a rate of bone lysis that exceeds the rate of bone matrix synthesis. This disorder is characterized by abnormal loss of one density and deterioration of bone tissue with an increased fracture risk. It occurs most commonly in small women with fair complexions who are postmenopausal.
What is osteopenia and osteoporosis?
200
Those older than 80, have a history of frequent falls, losing weight, is depressed, has been hospitalized three times in two months, is in need of health teaching, and has mild memory loss.
Who are persons who would benefit from a geriatric assessment?
300
After 6 years of age, thoracic muscles develop and the respiratory rate slows to 14 to 24 breaths/minute. Their head circumference continues to grow but after age 5 slows until puberty at which the head/brain reach adult circumference measurements of 53 to 54 cm/21 inches. The heart slowly grows in size the heart rate slows to an average rate of 60 to 160 beats/minute. Mean blood pressure is lower than in adults and ranges from 95 to 105 mm/Hg systolic and from 57 to 71 mm/Hg diastolic. The GI system is maturing with increased stomach capacity, resulting in less need for snacks. Bladder capacity improves. The immune system is better able to produce an antibody-antigen response. By puberty, the endocrine system except the reproductive function approaches adult capacity.
What are the body systems that reach adult level of function during the school-age years?
300
These are typically female, perfectionists, and high achievers with families that are achievement oriented and experiencing marital discord. Symptoms or warning signs include a relentless pursuit of thinness, self-starving with significant weight loss, lack of menses, compulsive physical activity, preoccupation with food and portioning food carefully. They usually have brittle, dry skin with yellow tinge to their skin, constipation, muscle weakness, and complains of feeling cold. These persons usually binge on huge quantities of high-caloric foods and then purge by self-induced vomiting and/or laxatives. These binge sessions may alternate with diets resulting in dramatic weight fluctuations. They run water as a sound cover when vomiting. Purging poses serious threats to their health such as dehydration, fatal electrolyte imbalances, and erosion of teeth enamel.
What is anorexia nervosa and binge eating disorder or bulimia?
300
Hypertension, asthma, and arthritis.
What are the three most common chronic conditions for female/male young adults?
300
Malignant neoplasms, unintentional injuries, accidents, heart disease, and bronchitis/emphysema.
What are leading causes of death in middle-age adults?
300
Better sleep, reduced constipation, weight loss, better digestion, and lower blood pressure.
What are benefits of exercise in the older adult?
400
Reduce emergency department visits for asthma and reduced the percentage of children who miss school because of an asthma attack. Increase the proportion of children from 2 years to 12th grade who view TV, videos, videogames for no more than 2hrs/day. Reduce the proportion of children and adolescents ages 6 to 11 years who are overweight or obese.
What are Selected Health-Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for School-Age Children from Healthy People 2020?
400
They use fantasy as a way to escape or experiment. The nurse cannot simply give directions but rather should present options and allow them to partner with the nurse to work out an acceptable plan. They also attempt to be a mirror image of peers, which includes dress, language, attitudes, and actions.
What are coping mechanisms of adolescents?
400
Pregnancy history provides the HCP with a criterion to predict future CVD risk such as pregnancy-induced HTN or preeclampsia, which indicated a higher risk for CVD.
What are effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women?
400
Reaching the peak in one’s career, developing leisure-time activities, and helping children become responsible, happy adults.
What are the developmental tasks of middle age?
400
Lack of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL’s), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, multi-infarct dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease.
What are cognitive-perceptual changes that may occur in the older adult?
500
Family raises child in protective environment; expect child to conform to values of culture and child is shamed if fails to meet expected behaviors; child taught to avoid direct confrontation and hide emotions and to be respectful/shy; strong emphasis on education for personal/financial gain. Child is highly valued, particularly male child; child expected to honor elders and family needs; high value of education to honor family and child.
What are expectations for Child Behavior related to Culture?
500
Increased vulnerability, availability of guns/drugs, traumatic life events, high stress levels, need for peer acceptance, and lack of caring adults lead to violent behavior.
What are factors contributing to adolescent violence?
500
During this phase, the individual is able to differentiate self from the rules and expectations of others and to define principles regarding rights in terms of self-chosen principles.
What is Kohlberg’s postconventional level of moral reasoning?
500
Sixty to Ninety percent of HCP visits are related to symptoms of headaches, insomnia, weakness, fatigue, or GI symptoms all of which are frequently stress related. This program is designed to help individuals who have chronic illnesses including life-threatening illnesses to better manage their health problems and optimize their quality of life. The interventions combine conventional medical care with knowledge about the effects of behaviors/attitudes on health.
What are Mind/Body Medical Symptom Reduction Programs?
500
Use nightlights in the bedroom, use handrails near tub/toilet, place dishes and cooling utensils at reasonable heights, use furniture that is easy to get in/out of, and tack-down carpet and discourage use of throw rugs.
What are safety risk areas and related interventions for the older adult?