Renewable and Non-renewable
Name the term for energy produced by splitting the nuclei of atoms, often considered non-renewable despite its low carbon emissions.
nuclear energy
One example of an exothermic reaction is adding calcium oxide to water. The product is calcium hydroxide. Write the word equation for this reaction.
Calcium oxide + water ➡ Calcium hydroxide
Pierre makes an electromagnet.
Write down the material Pierre uses to make the core.
iron
Accept steel / nickel / cobalt
There is a container made from plant material
Which word describes this type of renewable material?
Bioplastics
Solar power is one example of a renewable energy resource.
Write down one use of a solar panel.
Complete the sentences. ] One other example of a renewable energy resource is .............. An example of a non-renewable energy resource is..............
producing electricity
wind or tidal
fossil fuel
Accept other renewable resources e.g. geothermal or biofuel Ignore solar Do not accept natural gas Accept named fossil fuel e.g. gasoline, diesel, coal, gas or natural gas Accept nuclear or named nuclear fuel e.g. uranium or plutonium
Mike investigates reactions. In his first experiment Mike:
• pours some water into a beaker
• measures the temperature of the water
• adds 1 g of a solid to the water
• stirs the mixture until the temperature stops changing.
Mike repeats the experiment with four other solids.
Experiment needs an improvement
What improvement can Mike do in order to make a fair test
(idea of) measure the same volume of water each time
Accept (idea of) stir at same speed
Ignore same mass of solid
Do not accept repeat investigation or get another set of results
Gabriella investigates the strength of an electromagnet. Gabriella:
• holds an electromagnet above some pins and switches the electromagnet on
• counts how many pins the electromagnet attracts
• repeats the experiment using a different number of turns on the coil of the electromagnet.
(a) Write down one way Gabriella makes her investigation a fair test.
(idea that) distance between electromagnet and pins must be the same or (idea that) pins must have the same mass
Accept the pins must be identical Accept the current through the electromagnet must remain the same
Look at the list of resources.
bioplastics
fossil fuels
tidal power
vegetable oil
solar power
Group the resources into renewable and non-renewable resources.
Only fossil fuels are non-renewable
This renewable energy uses heat from below Earth's surface.
Geothermal
Priya investigates the changes in temperature during some reactions. Priya:
• assembles the equipment shown in the diagram
• measures the temperature of the acid at the start
• adds solid A to the acid
• measures the temperature of the acid at the end after all of solid A reacts
• repeats this experiment with solids B, C and D. Look at her results. solid temperature at start in oC temperature at end in oC temperature change in oC A start 15 final 29 +14 B start 17 final 10 C start 20 final 45 D start 18 final 18
Which solid has an endothermic reaction with the acid?
Suggest a reason for the results with solid D.
B
There is no reaction
Which of these changes increase the strength of her electromagnet?
cover the copper wire in plastic
use a non metal for the wire
use two batteries
remove the iron nail
increase the current
connect the equipment for a shorter time
use two batteries
increase the current
Explain why fossil fuels are considered non-renewable, even though they come from natural processes.
because they take millions of years to form and cannot be replaced quickly
Wind power and coal are resources used to generate electricity. Describe two advantages of using wind power instead of coal to generate electricity.
(wind power) is renewable
(wind power) will not run out
As extra marking points: Accept it is a clean resource or it is a green resource = 1 mark
Accept wind is ‘free’ = 1 mark
Accept no pollutants are produced during electricity generation = 1 mark
Accept all countries have wind (power) available and some countries do not have coal.
One example of an exothermic reaction is adding calcium oxide to water. The product is calcium hydroxide. Write the symbol equation for this reaction.
Ca+ H2O ➡ Ca(OH)2
State three factors that increase the strength of an electromagnet
•The number of turns in the coil. The more in turns in the coil, the stronger the electromagnets.
•The material of the core. Iron and some types of steel in the core make the strongest electromagnets.
•The current in the coil. The greater the current, the stronger the electromagnet.
Describe how the energy transformation process differs between a solar panel and a coal-fired power station.
solar panels convert light directly into electricity, while coal is burned to heat water and create steam that spins a turbine?
This is the main environmental concern associated with using biomass as an energy source.
Deforastation or air pollution
Explain the differences between an endothermic reaction and an endothermic process Give one example for endothermic reaction and two examples for endothermic process
There will be a chemical reaction and new product in endothermic reaction
there will be only physical change like change in state in endothermic process
Citric acid + Baking soda for reaction
Ice melting
Ammonium nitrate dissolves in water
Yuri makes an electromagnet. 20 Write down a list of the equipment he needs. Describe how he uses this equipment to make the electromagnet. You may wish to draw a labelled diagram to help you answer the question.
(equipment) iron rod power supply and wire (method) (idea that) connect wire to power supply (idea that) wrap wire around the rod
Accept iron bar for iron rod Do not accept steel rod Accept cell, battery or battery of cells for power supply Accept lead for wire Accept marks from labelled diagram but written answer takes precedence
Explain why nuclear energy is sometimes grouped with renewables, even though it uses a non-renewable fuel source.
because it produces low greenhouse gas emissions and doesn’t rely on fossil fuels