Food choices and basics
Social interactions, convenience, and cultural background are examples of factors that influence what?
Personal food choices
What organ stores bile and releases it to help digest fats?
Gallbladder
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples of what?
Monosaccharides
Lipids that contain glycerol and three fatty acids are called what?
Triglycerides
The metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose to pyruvate is called what?
Glycolysis
What are the six classes of nutrients?
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water
Digestion of carbohydrates begins in what part of the body?
The mouth
Which two hormones regulate blood glucose?
Insulin and glucagon
What process turns unsaturated fats into more solid trans fats?
Hydrogenation
What is the largest component of daily energy expenditure?
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Carbs and proteins provide 4 kcal/g. Which nutrient provides 9 kcal/g?
Fat
Which system do water-soluble nutrients enter first: blood or lymph?
Bloodstream
Which type of diabetes involves autoimmune destruction of beta cells?
Type 1
Which lipoprotein is known as "bad cholesterol"?
LDL
The TCA cycle occurs in what part of the cell?
Mitochondria
Nutrients that must come from food because the body cannot make them are called what?
Essential nutrients
Movement of nutrients from high to low concentration without energy is called what?
Simple diffusion
Whole grains, fruits, legumes, and vegetables are good sources of what?
Fiber
The unraveling of protein structure due to heat or acid is called what?
Denaturation
Which hormones regulate appetite: one suppressing hunger and one stimulating it?
Leptin and ghrelin
Adequacy, balance, moderation, variety, nutrient density, and energy control are known as what?
Diet-planning principles
Gas, bloating, and diarrhea after dairy consumption result from what condition?
Lactose intolerance
Glycogen is stored in which two places in the body?
Liver and muscles
When nitrogen intake equals nitrogen output, a person is in what state?
Nitrogen balance
When energy intake exceeds energy output, what is the term for this state?
Positive energy balance