Memory & Cognition 1
The type of explicit memory containing general facts and knowledge.
What is Semantic Memory?
The tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore contradictory evidence.
What is Confirmation Bias?
He created the "Hierarchy of Needs," theorizing that physiological needs must be met before psychological ones.
Who is Abraham Maslow?
The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases.
What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
Jean Piaget’s first stage of cognitive development, lasting from birth to about 2 years of age.
What is the Sensorimotor Stage?
According to George Miller, this is the magical number of items we can hold in short-term memory.
What is 7 plus or minus 2?
An inability to retrieve information from one's past.
What is Retrograde Amnesia?
An eating disorder in which a person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight.
What is Anorexia Nervosa?
The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure.
What is Basal Metabolic Rate?
A parenting style that is both demanding and responsive, correlated with high self-esteem in children.
What is Authoritative Parenting?
The inability to form new memories.
What is Anterograde Amnesia?
Occurs when misleading information has corrupted one's memory of an event (studied extensively by Elizabeth Loftus).
What is the Misinformation Effect?
The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.
What is the James-Lange Theory?
The psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met; the motivation to fulfill our ultimate potential.
What is Self-Actualization?
The distress shown by infants when their primary caregivers leave, usually peaking around 13 months.
What is Separation Anxiety?
A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
What is an Algorithm?
The smallest unit of language that carries meaning (like a prefix).
What is a Morpheme?
A hormone secreted by the pancreas that controls blood glucose.
What is Insulin?
The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion.
What is the Cannon-Bard Theory?
Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.
What are Teratogens?
A simple thinking strategy or mental shortcut that allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently.
What is a Heuristic?
Benjamin Lee Whorf’s hypothesis that language strictly dictates the way we think.
What is Linguistic Determinism?
Hans Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases: alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
What is the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
The Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion, one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal.
What is the Two-Factor Theory?
The awareness that things continue to exist even when they cannot be perceived.
What is Object Permanence?