5.1 Introduction to Health Psychology
What is the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
This term describes the three-stage physiological response to stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
What is positive psychology?
This field of psychology seeks to identify factors that lead to well-being, resilience, and positive emotions.
What are dysfunction, distress, and deviation from social norm?
these are the three factors used to identify psychological disorders.
What is ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder)?
This neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
What is psychodynamic therapy?
This type of therapy, pioneered by Freud, uses free association and dream interpretation to uncover the unconscious.
What is emotion-focused coping?
This type of coping strategy involves managing emotional reactions to stress rather than changing the stressor itself.
What is posttraumatic growth?
This concept refers to positive psychological changes that may result from struggling with highly challenging life circumstances.
*What is the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)?*
This diagnostic manual, published by the American Psychiatric Association, provides standardized criteria for classifying mental disorders.
What is social anxiety disorder?
This disorder involves excessive fear or anxiety about social situations where one may be scrutinized by others.
What are SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)?
This class of medications works by increasing the availability of serotonin in the brain
tend-and-befriend theory？
This theory of stress response proposes that, especially in females, the natural reaction to threat involves protecting offspring and seeking connection with others rather than fighting or fleeing.
What are well-being, resilience, and fullfillment?
positive psychology studies these three specific areas related to mental health.
What is the diathesis-stress model?
This model assumes that psychological disorders develop due to a genetic vulnerability combined with stressful life experiences.
What is bipolar disorder?
This disorder is characterized by periods of mania and periods of depression, with Bipolar I and Bipolar II as subtypes.
What is person-centered therapy?
This type of therapy, from the humanistic perspective, employs active listening and unconditional positive regard.
What are adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)?
These are sources of stress during childhood—such as abuse, neglect, or household dysfunction—that can affect a person throughout the lifespan.
What increases subjective well-being in positive psychology？
Expressing gratitude
exercise their signature strengths or virtues
Posttraumatic growth
What is the biopsychosocial model?
This model assumes that any psychological problem potentially involves a combination of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.
What is OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder)?
This disorder involves intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) intended to address them.
What is ECT (electroconvulsive therapy)?
This biomedical therapy involves applying brief electrical currents to the brain to induce a seizure, often used for severe depression.
What is a stressor?
This type of stressor can be experienced as either motivating (eustress) or debilitating (distress).
What are wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence?
these are the six categories of virtues/character strengths studied in positive psychology.
What is the ICD (International Classification of Diseases)?
This classification system, published by the WHO, is used internationally to classify mental disorders and their impact on functioning.
What is schizophrenia?
This psychotic disorder is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and negative symptoms such as flat affect.
What is nonmaleficence?
This ethical principle requires psychologists to "do no harm" in their therapeutic work with clients.