Seize the Day
________ is an electrical disorder characterized by neural cell hypersynchrony.
What is epilepsy?
This is the type of brain tumor originates from glial cells
What is a glioma?
This is a progressive dementia syndrome characterized by brain cell death in the posterior cortex, primarily affecting visual processing rather than memory.
What is posterior cortical atrophy (PCA)?
These are the three layers of the meninges.
Dura
Arachnoid
Pia
This lobe of the brain is important for language and speech production.
What is the (language-dominant) frontal lobe?
Ictal weeping, a history of PTSD or borderline personality disorder, and rapid normalization of cognition after signs of seizure should clue you into this etiology.
What is PNES/ PNEE?
This is the most common cancer to spread to the brain.
What is small cell lung cancer?
Bill is a 65-year-old man whose neurologist has identified square-waver jerks and vertical gaze palsy on oculomotor testing, axial rigidity, frequent backwards falls, and a surprised facial expression. This condition is high on your differential.
What is progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)
This gland receives retinal input and produces melatonin
What is the pineal gland?
This gentleman had a stroke affecting this lobe of the brain.
What is the temporal lobe (Wernicke's area, as the title implies)?
sEEG stands for this.
What is stereoelectroencephalography?
Stereotactic electroencephalography/ EEG is also acceptable.
In children with posterior fossa tumors obstructing the fourth ventricle, surgical removal of the tumor can address this condition.
What is hydrocephalus?
This is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by progressively-worsening halting speech, with poor grammar and speech apraxia; but relative sparing of single-word comprehension and object knowledge.
What is Nonfluent/ agrammatic PPA/ PNFA
This is the major interhemispheric white matter tract, seen in our mid-sagittal sheep brain cut.
What is the corpus callosum?
This frontal lobe gyrus thinks it's the best - Though not always thought of as eloquent for expressive language, studies have identified anomia and speech arrest when it's stimulated.
What is the superior frontal gyrus?
According to the ILAE, this "is a condition resulting either from the failure of the mechanisms responsible for seizure termination or from the initiation of mechanisms, which lead to abnormally, prolonged seizures (after time point t1). It is a condition, which can have long-term consequences (after time point t2), including neuronal death, neuronal injury, and alteration of neuronal networks, depending on the type and duration of seizures"
What is status epilepticus?
This is a rapidly progressive dementia related to immune system reaction to cancer.
What is paraneoplastic syndrome?
This is the underlying pathology typically associated with logopenic primary progressive aphasia.
What is AD
This is the junction of the medulla and spinal cord where most of the pyramidal tract fibers cross the midline.
What is the pyramidal decussation?
This three-sided brain region within the inferior frontal gyrus is part of Broca's area. It is critical for pre-processing of language, before sending information posteriorly.
What is pars triangularis?
Temporal lobe seizures have been ruled out. The patient experiences an epigastric rising sensation or pain as part of her semiology. Seizures are most-likely arising from this brain region.
What is the insula?
Breast cancer studies have documented persistent cognitive changes in approximately this percentage of individuals at 1 year + post-treatment.
What is 33 percent?
Bill presents to the clinic with significant executive dysfunction, lateralized apraxia and alien limb phenomenon, graphesthesia, and FDG-PET identifying asymmetric frontoparietal hypometabolism contralateral to his motor dysfunction. This is the clinical syndrome you're worried about.
What is corticobasal syndrome?
These are the three neuroanatomic planes used in dissection and reflected in MRI scans.
What are: Coronal, axial, and sagittal?
This fasciculus is a primary component of the ventral stream, connecting the anterior temporal lobe to the occipital lobe.
What is the ILF (inferior longitudinal fasciculus)?