April 7/8

Quiz

100

Where does transcription take place inside the eukaryotic cell?

in the nucleus

200

What is the purpose of translation in genetics?

protein synthesis, turn mRNA into proteins amino acids with tRNA

300

What is the Central DOGMA

DNA>RNA>protein, flow of genetic information

500

chromosome has genes A,B, C. If the m.u. between A&B=23 and between B&C=60. what is the m.u. between A&C?

83

1000

Difference between alleles, genes, and chromosomes.

Alleles- are different or alternate genes. (one from each parent)

Genes- are hereditary segments of chromosomes that code for specific functions.

Chromosome- made up of genes (alleles of genes)-inside nucleus, condensed from chromatin in interphase

Structure

100

three-dimensional form of a folded protein

tertiary structure

200

Purines/Pyrimidines (what nt and how many rings)

Purine-2 rings,  -adenine, guanine

pyrimidine-1 ring,  -cytosine, uracil, thymine

300

circular DNA that can be exchanged between bacteria

plasmid

500

karyotype

micrograph array- of ALL chromosomes in a given cell

this map of chromosomes often has gene markers

1000

Draw one basepair of your DNA structure

(1 phosphate group, 1 deoxyribose sugar, 1 nucleotide base, 

4 bonds: 2-phosph, 2-deoxy, 2-nt)

Draw on whiteboard

Process

100

all tRNA must have anticodon but what tRNA has the appropriate amino acid attached?

charged tRNA

200

a short DNA fragment that can be synthesized by a machine

oligonucleotide

300

RT-PCR ...

bonus 100pts= what is RT (what happens/process)

reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction

RT= copying RNA into DNA

500

RNA splicing

removing base sequences corresponding to introns from the primary transcript

1000

List the steps of PCR 

denaturation,  annealing,  DNA synthesis,  extension,  and REPEAT

random

100

calculate gametes for:

AaBbDdeeFf

n=4.           2^4=16

AAAA AAAA

BBBB bbbb

DDdd DDdd                                                            eeee eeee

FfFf FfFf

aaaa aaaa

BBBB bbbb

DDdd DDdd                                                            eeee eeee

FfFf FfFf

200

when two loci recombine in less than 50% of gametes

Linkage

300

8 Gentoypes, 3 genes

order F2 Genotype and observed from greteast>least

Then label what rows

--Parental.         DO 500 NEXT!!!

--SCO1

--SCO2

--DCO

500

ONLY AFTER 300!!!

What is the gene order

Parental = ABC and abc

DCO = abC ABc

(or what is the middle gene)

A___C___B

or

B___C___A

1000

Explain difference between Centrosome, Centromere, and Chiasma

Bonus 100pts= what is a syncytium?

Bonus 100pts= what is a kinetechore?

centrosome-microtubule organizing centers at the spindle poles

centromere- site of the closest connection between sister chromatids

chiasma-structure formed at spot where crossing-over occurs between homologs

syncytium-animal cell containing more than one nucleus

kinetochore-a complex of proteins associated with the centromere of a chromosome during cell division, to which the microtubules of the spindle attach.

THINK

100

initiation codon in specific context

AUG

200

UAA, UGA, or UAG

nonsense codon

300

using the information encoded in the nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule to specify the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide molecule

translation

500

 -the DNA strand with the same base sequence as the primary transcript?

-Bonus : the DNA strand complementary to the primary transcript

-RNA-like strand

-template strand

1000

Operon structure

draw and explain

upstream.   1.promoter, 2.regulator gene,...3.active protein binding site, 4.promoter, 5.operator, 6.structural genes: gene1, gene2, gene3

downstream