Political Parties and Regional Interests
What decision from his presidency did Thomas Jefferson really struggle with and why?
The Louisiana Purchase– expanded federal power while Jefferson wanted to reel it in.
This idea that came out of the market revolution believed that men and women should operate in seperate 'spheres' with women raising children, making food, and taking care of the home, while men were out doing the 'real work' in the 'real world'
Cult of domesticity
Previous to the administration of Andrew Jackson, this declaration pronounced that South American countries were under the jurisdiction and protection of the United States and warned European nations against any further attempts at colonizing South America.
Monroe Doctrine
This reformation of the Christian church moved to Utah to escape persecution after their leader was hung for preaching polygamy (marriage to more than one person).
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormons)
The outcome Marbury v Madison resulted in which important legal concept?
Judicial Review- Supreme Court power to review the actions/decisions of the other branches of government and declare them unconstitutional and void
Identify three categories of change from the Market Revolution and identify at least one piece of technology from each category.
Transportation: steam engine, steamboat, locomotive
Agriculture: cotton gin
Industrial: steam engine, cotton gin, spinning Jenny, textile machinery
(Communication: telegraph, typewriter)
What were two factors that contributed to the messy election of 1824?
War of 1812 / Dissolution of the Federalists: As a result of not supporting the war 1812 the Federalists were accused of being out of touch with the beliefs of the people
The panic of 1819: bad financial decisions left people not trusting the financial system and wanted a way to hold their politicians accountable
Increased suffrage: states loosened or did away property requirements for voting so many more low income (white men) could vote
(Fracturing of the Democratic Republicans: with no common outside enemy to face, Democratic republicans began fighting with each other)
This was the idea that, through personal responsibility and hard work, people could economically and spiritually elevate their station in life.
Transcendentalism
What were the two causes of the War of 1812?
British "impressing" (kidnapping) American soldiers and enlisting them in the British navy
British funding and encouraging native Americans to attack American outposts
This American inventor designed the cotton gin and articulated the revolutionary concept of 'interchangable parts'.
Eli Whitney
Why did Andrew Jackson and his supporters refer to the election of 1824 as the 'corrupt bargain'?
The election ended in a four way tie. Fourth place Henry Clay threw his support behind JQ Adams who got elected and in turn appointed Clay to Secretary of State.
This was the idea that when thinking about the world it can be good to emphasize beauty, sentiment, and emotion over the accuracy of rationalism.
Romanticism
Identify three major philosophical disagreements between Federalists and Democrats at the beginning of the 1800s. (size and power, foreign relations, plans for expansion, constructionism, war of 1812).
| Topic | Federalists | Democratic Republicans |
|---|---|---|
| Size and Power of the National Government | Wanted a strong central government with empowered executive. | Most power should be consolidated with the states and no executive. |
| Foreign Relations | Avoid foreign entanglements and focus on building our own country. | Advocate for democracy wherever it pops up. |
| Plans for Expansion | Buying Federal land would benefit the country and is a part of elastic clause. | Buying land is not mentioned in the constitution and is not a power of the national government.Mexico |
| Constructionism | Loose constructionism– Constitution is a guide that should be followed with some flexibility | Strict constructionism– Constitution is a list of safeguards that should be followed very closely |
| War of 1812 | America is not ready for another war with England. | England needs to be held accountable for their actions and we got this! |
What are two ways the Market Revolution connected the economies of Northern and Southern United States?
Transportation: steam power made it much easier to transport goods down and up stream
Interdependence: agricultural expansion in the south fueled manufacturing, banking, and shipping industries in the north
Identify two major philosophical disagreements between Democrats and Whigs in the 1820s (tariffs, national bank, internal improvements).
| Topic | Federalists | Democratic Republicans |
|---|---|---|
| Tariffs | Tarrifs were a good way to protect new manufacturing industry in the South | Tarrifs hurt farmers in the South looking to sell their cotton internationally. |
| National Bank | National banks are important tools for stabilizing the economy | National banks prop up wealthy business owners while doing harm to the poor. Plus they're unconstitutional. |
| Internal Improvements | Investing in infrastructure connects the economies of the north and south and helps build the nations economic strength. | It is not the government's job to build roads, a federal overreach, and unconstitutional |
This series of religious revivals among Protestant Christians emphasized that righteous living, personal restraint, and strong moral rectitude would lead a person and society to salvation.
The Second Great Awakening
McCulloch v Maryland established this legal concept that stated that national law trumps state laws whenever the two contradict each other
Federal Supremacy
What were two major social/societal/demographic shifts that resulted from the market revolution?
Migration: massive immigration of Germans and Irish
(Religion: moderate increases in the number of Catholics and Jews)
Rise of the middle class: amount of people who were not super rich, but could experience some comfort and leisure greatly expanded
Changes in the roles of women: cult of domesticity in middle and upper classes, lower class women relied heavily on their husbands and factory bosses
What was one historical vocab word that illustrates how Andrew Jackson treated native Americans.
The Indian Removal Act of 1830 and the Trail of Tears (and Death) both describe the forcible removal of Native Americans that resulted in thousands of native Americans dying from exhaustion and starvation along the way.
In addition to romanticism and transcendentalism, what are three ways that American Culture and society evolved/changed between 1800 and 1850.
Increased individualism
Increased equality
Building on British art, language, and architecture but with a distinctly American twist
Utopian societies
Religious reform
Temperance
Abolitionism
Women's rights / Seneca Falls Convention