Period 1
What natural land feature once connected Eurasia with North America, allowing the earliest human migration into the Americas?
A land bridge, which is now submerged beneath the Bering Sea, once connected Eurasia with North America, enabling the migration of early nomadic Asian hunters into the Americas during the Ice Age.
Which social movement is Johnathan Edwards associated with?
The Great Awakening
Which historical figure is credited for making peace between Virginian settlers and the Powhattan Confederacy?
Pocahontas
What crop became the economic savior of the Virginia colony in the early 17th century, and how did it influence the colony's development?
Tobacco; it drove settlers to find more land for planting.
What policy did the Glorious Revolution in England lead to in the American colonies?
Salutary Neglect
Who led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521, leading to the downfall of the Aztec civilization?
Hernán Cortés
This Spanish conquistador is credited with conquering the Inca Empire in Peru and capturing their emperor, Atahualpa. Who is he?
Francisco Pizarro
Where and when did the Virginia Company of London establish the initial English colony in the New World?
Jamestown, 1607
What was the significance of the Great Awakening in the American colonies, and how did it influence religious life and society during the 1730s and 1740s?
It was characterized by passionate and emotional preaching, and it emphasized the idea of human helplessness and divine omnipotence. The Great Awakening led to a surge in conversions and stirred religious fervor among the colonists. Additionally, the Great Awakening contributed to a sense of shared identity among Americans.
This historic event in 1588 marked the beginning of the end of Spanish imperial dreams and helped ensure England's naval dominance in the North Atlantic
The defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588) by the British.
What were the "three-sisters" in early Native American farming?
Bean, Squash, Maize
What Spanish colonial city, founded in 1565, is recognized as the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement within the future United States?
St. Augustine, Florida
What is Libel?
When someone writes or publishes false and harmful information about someone else that can damage their reputation; a form of defamation
In the early 17th century, which three European powers established primitive outposts in different corners of the New World within three years of one another, marking the beginning of colonization in the Northern continent?
Spain (Santa Fe, 1610), France (Quebec, 1608), and England (Jamestown, 1607)
Daily Double:
Who was John Peter Zenger? Why was he put on trial? What was the trial's outcome?
American journalist. In 1734, Zenger was arrested and charged with seditious libel for publishing articles that criticized Governor Cosby's administration. The jury ultimately acquitted Zenger, establishing an important precedent for freedom of the press in the American colonies.
Which European nation started the African slave trade in the 15th century?
Portugal: They set up trading posts for the purchase of gold and slaves along the African coast, which marked the beginning of large-scale European involvement in the transatlantic slave trade.
Daily Double:
What were Martin Luther's key beliefs (2) and actions (1), and how did they contribute to the start of the Protestant Reformation in the early 16th century?
Martin Luther challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and emphasized that the Bible alone was the source of God's word. He ignited the Protestant Reformation by nailing his protests against Catholic doctrines to the door of Wittenberg's cathedral in 1517.
Daily Double:
In 1619, a significant event occurred in Virginia, setting a political precedent. What was the event? What was significant about it?
The House of Burgesses, the first representative assembly in the American colonies, was established in Virginia. This marked the beginning of representative self-government in colonial America.
What was the significance of the Virginia law of 1662 in the context of slavery in the American colonies, and how did it contribute to the growth of slavery in the United States?
Made it so the children of a slave, was also a slave who could be bought, traded, or sold; established "chattel slavery".
Who were the leaders and settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and what was their vision for this colony in the 17th century?
John Winthrop and attracted a mix of settlers, including Puritans. They sought to establish a religiously pure and prosperous society, believing they had a covenant with God to build a model community.
What treaty, signed in 1494, divided the New World lands between Spain and Portugal, giving Spain the lion's share and setting the stage for its dominance in the Americas?
The Treaty of Tordesillas?
How did the lack of good transportation infrastructure affect life in colonial America (2)?
Roads were often poorly maintained, slow, and treacherous, making travel difficult and sometimes dangerous. The limited road network connected even major cities inadequately, leading to long and challenging journeys. Travelers faced obstacles such as dusty roads in summer and muddy quagmires in winter, as well as rickety bridges and runaways. The slow and undependable nature of travel was a significant hindrance to communication and commerce, affecting both social life and economic activities.
Daily TRIPLE (Computers Down):
Name the four Enlightenment thinkers we studied, and the major ideas of each.
John Locke: Natural rights, consent of the governed
Jean Rousseau: The social contract
Baron Montesquieu: Separation of Powers
Voltaire: Free speech, expression, religion
Daily Double:
What were the main causes of Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia in 1676? How did it help lead to the rise of African slavery?
Poor working and living conditions in a high tax state (Virginia).
Led to slaves being imported to lessen the need for indentured servants and other poor White immigrants.
Daily Double:
How did the triangular trade system work (3 sides), and what was its significance in the colonial economy?
The triangular trade involved the exchange of goods between the American colonies, Africa, and the West Indies. American rum was traded for African slaves, who were then exchanged for molasses in the West Indies, which was used to make more rum in the colonies. This trade was highly profitable and played a significant role in sustaining the colonial economy by providing the cash needed for the colonists to continue their purchases of British goods.