Period 2 (1607-1754)
What cash crop saved the Jamestown colony economically?
Tobacco
What war (1754–1763) increased British debt and led to new colonial taxes, causing rising tension?
The French and Indian War
What 1803 land purchase doubled the size of the U.S.?
The Louisiana Purchase
What idea justified American expansion westward as a God-given mission?
Manifest Destiny
What was the primary economic activity of the Southern colonies during the 1600s and 1700s?
Plantation agriculture (cash crops like tobacco, rice, indigo)
What 1620 agreement established early self-government for the Plymouth colony?
The Mayflower Compact
What act of 1765 required colonists to pay a direct tax on paper goods and sparked widespread protest?
The Stamp Act
What invention by Eli Whitney drastically increased cotton production and slavery in the South?
The cotton gin
What 1850s political act allowed settlers to decide on slavery by popular sovereignty, leading to “Bleeding Kansas”?
The Kansas–Nebraska Act
What term describes the trade network connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas in the colonial period?
The Triangular Trade
Which 17th-century rebellion in Virginia exposed tensions between frontier farmers and the colonial elite?
Bacon’s Rebellion
What document formally declared the colonies’ break from Britain in 1776?
The Declaration of Independence
What policy issued by President Monroe warned European powers not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere?
The Monroe Doctrine
What 1863 document declared slaves in Confederate territory free?
The Emancipation Proclamation
What political party, led by Alexander Hamilton, supported a strong central government and a national bank?
The Federalist Party
What was the main purpose of the Navigation Acts passed by England?
To regulate colonial trade for the benefit of the mother country (mercantilism)
What 1787 agreement balanced representation between large and small states during the Constitutional Convention?
The Great (Connecticut) Compromise
What reform movement sought to ban alcohol and grew strongly during the early 1800s?
The Temperance Movement
What 1865 amendment abolished slavery in the United States?
The 13th Amendment
What social movement of the early 1800s inspired reforms such as abolition, women’s rights, and education reform?
The Second Great Awakening
What 1730s–1740s religious movement emphasized emotion, personal conversion, and evangelical preaching?
The First Great Awakening
What 1803 Supreme Court case established judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison
Which 1819 Supreme Court decision ruled that states cannot tax the national bank, strengthening federal power?
McCulloch v. Maryland
What 1877 political agreement ended Reconstruction by withdrawing federal troops from the South?
The Compromise of 1877
What economic system, emphasized during early colonization and again during industrial growth, focuses on private enterprise and competition?
Capitalism / Market Economy