Important People
Invented a powerful steam engine used in the vessel, Clermont
Robert Fulton
Resulted in the first promising improvement to transportation
Lanchester Turnpike in Pennsylvania
What did revolutionary advances in manufacturing and transportation bring to Americans?
Widened the gap between the rich and the poor
created after the steamboat with more economic contribution
the railroad
the overall reason for European immigration to America
America provided more "opportunities" than the countries in the Old World
responsible for "Clinton's Big Ditch" or "the Governor's Gutter"
DeWitt Clinton
The federal government started construction of this road but was halted due to the War of 1812
the National Road or Cumberland Road
How did family lives change economically?
Instead of familied spinning their own wool and raising their own food, they worked for wages in the mills or they planted crops for sale at the markets.
a ship made for carrying mail from Missouri to California
Pony Express
During this time the US boasted 30,000 miles of railroad track
eve of the Civil War
fur-trader and real estate speculator who left an estate of $30 million on his death (1848)
John Jacob Astor
the name of a low, narrow, sleek type of ship and their impact on travel
clipper ships
in wind, faster than any steam boat
What caused New York City to become "seabord queen of the nation"
(1840s) Buffalo handled more western produce than New Orleans
Grain shipment through Buffalo increased sixtyfold
The port poured its wealth and to which it daily paid economic tribute
Impacts mills had on families
People began working for money in mills that produced what they would have made at home. Increased the economy and the market
What was the term "drifters" associated with?
Unskilled workers who buffeted from town to town by shifting prospects for menial jobs
known as the "greatest wire-puller in history" and organized what?
Cyrus Field
organized a joint Anglo-American-Canadian venture to stretch a cable under the deep North Atlantic waters from Newfoundland to Ireland
What impacts did water transportation have on America (two examples)
Population clustered along river banks
Allowed cotton growers to ship their products out to market
Impacts of the Erie Canal
value of land around the route skyrocketed
new cities like Syracuse and Rochester blossomed
new profitability of farming in the Old Northwest attracted thousands of European immigrants to the land
allowed for more acres on which to plant more fields of wheat
McCormick reaper
Downsides to the first railroad (two)
brakes were feeble so engineers missed stations
numerous differences in gauge meant frequent changes of trains for passengers
who was the new chief justice and what did he argue
Roger B. Taney
He argued that the "rights of the community" outweighed any exclusive corporate rights
Contributions from the railroad
fast, reliable, and cheaper than canals
not frozen over in the winter
defied terrain and weather
improved safety-wise over time
Economic specialties in each region
The South raised cotton for export to New England and Britain
The West grew grain and livestock to feed factory workers in the East
The East made machines and textiles for the South and the West
developed from the telegraph
Samuel Morse's telegraph began to tap messages all the way to California and become a transcontinental telegraph
The two different types of revolutions and their effects
Transportation and Market revolutions
Transportation- the expansion of internal American trade due to the increase in railroads and canals.
Market- the transformation of an economy of small, scattered farms and tiny workshops into a national network of industry and commerce