Key Terms pt.1
Explain the Protestant Reformation.
A movement during the 1530s to reform the catholic church was launched by Martin Luther in Germany. They questioned the Pope’s authority, wanted to eliminate indulgences, and translate the Bible from Latin.
What is a Charter?
A written grant by a country's legislative or sovereign power, by which a body such as a company, college, or city is founded and its rights and privileges defined
What was the 1st Anglo-Powhatan War? Significance? How did it end?
The First Anglo-Powhatan War was fought from 1609 until 1614 and pitted the English settlers at Jamestown against an alliance of Algonquian-speaking Virginia Indians led by Powhatan (Wahunsonacock)(many argue it to be England’s first Indian war in America).
The main dispute was over LAND!!
It ended with a peace treaty after the marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe.
Who was Henry VII? What did he elicit?
King Henry VII, known for his six wives, initiated the English Reformation and established the Church of England. He sought to divorce his wife Catherine of Aragon for Anne Boleyn, but the church rejected it. In response, Henry declared himself the head of the Church, relying on Protestants for support. The Reformation Parliament abolished papal authority and declared Henry as head of the Church, with the monarch now having final authority in doctrinal disputes
What is a Joint stock company? Why was it important?
A short-term partnership between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise; such arrangements were used to fund England's early colonial ventures
They increased the amount of profit for a country with a limited amount of risk. They funded the establishment of colonies and managed trade routes, effectively acting as extensions of their respective governments.
What was Jamestown(1607)?
First permanent English settlement in North America founded by the Virginia Company
What was the 2nd Anglo-Powhatan War? How did it end?
The Second Anglo-Powhatan War, also known as the Virginia-Indian War, was an armed conflict between Native American Indians and English colonists in Jamestown, Virginia, sparked by concerns over colonist population and tobacco plantations.
It ends with the Powhatan crushed
Who was John Rolfe (1585-1622)?
John Rolfe is most known for marrying Pocahontas and cultivating tobacco in Virginia, which significantly contributed to the colony's economic success.
This marriage was significant as it helped to establish peace between the English settlers and the Powhatan Confederacy, effectively ending the First Anglo-Powhatan War.
What happened to the Spanish armada in 1588 and what was the significance?
The Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel in 1588. The defeat of the Armada marked the beginning of the decline of the Spanish Empire
What type of company was the Virginia Company? What did they establish?
English joint-stock company that received a charter from King James I that allowed it to found the Virginia colony
What was the Tuscarora war? How did it end?
Began with an Indian attack on Newbern, NC. After the Tuscaroras were defeated, remaining Indian survivors migrated northeast, eventually joining the Iroquois Confederacy as its 6th nation
Who was John Smith (1579-1631)? What was his significance in America?
John Smith was an English soldier, explorer, and author, best known for his pivotal role in establishing Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America, and his legendary interactions with Pocahontas
What was the House of Burgesses? Significance?
Representative parliament assembly created to govern Virginia, establishing a precedent for government in the English colonies
What was the Iroquois confederacy(late 1500s)
A confederation was formed to promote peace and mutual defense among its member tribes, especially against external threats from other Native groups and European colonizers. (Iroquois practiced a matrilineal society, where women held significant power in decision-making and politics.)
Bound together 5 tribes - Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas - in the Mohawk Valley of what is now New York state
Who is Oliver Cromwell? What war did he play a privotal part in?
Oliver Cromwell, an English military and political leader, played a significant role in the English Civil Wars and became Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland. His controversial actions in Ireland significantly shaped the political landscape of 17th-century England
Explain the Act of toleration (1916). What was its effects on immigration?
Passed in MD, guaranteeing toleration to all Christians but decreed the death peanalty for those, like Jews and athiests, who denied the divinity of Christ. Ensured MD would continue to attract a high proportion of Catholic migrants