Colonial Self-Rule
What British policy of loosely enforcing colonial laws encouraged local self-government?
Salutary neglect.
What trade drew French settlers into the North American interior?
The fur trade.
Who led the Virginia force that surrendered at Fort Necessity in 1754?
George Washington.
Which 1765 act taxed newspapers, wills, and other printed documents?
The Stamp Act.
Which Ottawa leader helped organize Native resistance to British expansion in 1763?
Pontiac.
In a royal colony, who appointed the governor?
The king.
Which French explorer claimed Louisiana in 1682?
La Salle.
Which British general was mortally wounded after his army was defeated near Fort Duquesne in 1755?
Edward Braddock.
Which 1764 act restricted colonial legal-tender paper money?
The Currency Act.
What mountain range marked the settlement boundary in the Proclamation of 1763?
The Appalachian Mountains.
How could colonial assemblies use money to pressure royal governors?
They could withhold salaries and other funding.
How did the Iroquois use French-British rivalry to protect their independence?
They balanced the two powers against each other.
Which city did Wolfe capture in 1759 in a battle that killed both him and Montcalm?
Quebec.
How did the Sugar Act change the molasses duty and its enforcement?
It lowered the duty but strengthened enforcement.
Which Pennsylvania frontier group demanded colonial tax relief and money for defense against Native Americans?
The Paxton Boys.
Why did Robert Walpole relax enforcement of the Navigation Acts?
He believed relaxed restrictions would increase trade and British profits.
Which 1713 treaty transferred Acadia and Newfoundland to British control?
The Treaty of Utrecht.
How did William Pitt improve colonial cooperation in 1758? Name one change.
He promised reimbursements or restored colonial control over recruitment.
What did the Mutiny Act of 1765 require colonists to help provide?
Supplies and support for British troops.
Which North Carolina movement against high taxes and corrupt officials was defeated by Tryon's militia at Alamance in 1771?
The Regulator movement.
Under the Albany Plan, who would select the president general and the grand council?
The king would appoint the president; colonial assemblies would elect the council.
Why did New Englanders resent the peace settlement ending King George's War?
It returned Louisbourg, which they had captured, to France.
In the 1763 settlement, who gained Canada, and who gained New Orleans and French lands west of the Mississippi?
Britain gained Canada; Spain gained New Orleans and the western lands.
Why did vice-admiralty courts make trade-law enforcement more effective for Britain?
Cases bypassed local juries that often sympathized with smugglers.
Why did colonists see Grenville's revenue program as a political threat to self-government?
It challenged colonial assemblies' control over taxation and spending.