Key Terms
This institution appealed to both professional and working class men, and promoted the concept of "Muscular Christianity".
What is the Young Men's Christian Association or YMCA?
In 1873, Mark Twain coined this term to depict the corruption and greed then running rampant through corporations and politics.
What is the “Gilded Age”?
This muckraker wrote The Jungle (1906), an investigative piece that explored the Chicago meatpacking plants, and helped lead to the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.
Who is Upton Sinclair?
These houses, often depicted in photojournalist and muckraker Jacob Riis's work, were 5-6 stories, with many people living in their cramped rooms.
What are tenement houses or dumbbell tenements?
Lauded as America’s national pastime. Only white players were allowed in the major leagues; African-Americans played mostly in the Negro leagues in response to rampant discrimination.
What is baseball?
These buildings "built up" and epitomized the late 19th Century architectural style of cities.
What are skyscrapers?
These theaters appealed to both the working and professional classes and cost only a nickel.
What are Nickelodeons?
This former slave founded the Tuskegee Institute and concentrated on teaching African Americans vocational skills and trades to enhance their earning power, but also erase white prejudice and discrimination through hard work and economic achievement.
Who is Booker T. Washington?
These included trolley cars, elevated railroads, and subways and appeared in the new urban centers of the United States.
What is urban mass transit?
Nurse in NYC that advocated for the women's birth control movement in early 20th Century America.
Who is Margret Sanger?
These seminal Supreme Court case in 1896 established legal segregation with upholding Jim Crow Laws under the legal rationale of "separate but equal" facilities.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This address given in Atlanta in 1895 by Booker T. Washington was interpreted by critics as approving the system of racial segregation of the time; Washington also argued for equal economic opportunities for African Americans.
What is the Atlanta Compromise?
This woman founded the Hull House in Chicago in 1889 in hopes of providing support for women, children, and immigrants that were struggling in the urban center.
Who is Jane Addams?
Charles Darwin's theory of the survival of the fittest being applied to human society by Herbert Spencer, and used to justify the wealthy's economic and social position during the Gilded Age.
What is Social Darwinism?
This was a practice of preventing the mentally disabled, minority populations, and poor from reproducing that was practiced in nearly half of the states in the United States during the 1920s-1930s.
This group of people still faced rampant discrimination and violence in both the South and the North during the late 19th and early 20th Centuries.
Who are African Americans?
Term coined by Teddy Roosevelt to describe investigative journalists of the time that exposed the underbelly, corruption, and problems of late 19th Century America.
Who are muckrakers?
This woman became the leader of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and fought to ban alcohol and protect women and children from domestic abuse.
Who is Frances Willard?
This initiative sprung up in burgeoning cities and urban areas to deal with disease and unsanitary conditions.
What is the clean water initiative?
A variety show consisting of comedians, singers, and musicians, that became increasingly popular in 1880s-1890s, as more citizens both working class and middle class took advantage of the entertainment of modern late 19th Century urban life.
What is vaudeville theater?
This organization founded by John Muir in 1892 was established to preserve America's mountains and wilderness.
What is the Sierra Club?
This concept that described women's special role as mothers, also helped justify their increasing societal place in public reform movements.
What is maternalism?
This African American activist and journalist, fought to shine a light on racism, and lynching's in the South, often pointing to underlying economic and labor disputes that led to violence.
Who is Ida B. Wells?
This political organization was created as a muscular Protestant organization to combat what nativist Protestants saw as growing Catholic political, social, and economic influence. This organization was similar to the Know Nothing Party of the 1840s-1850s, and sought to ban Catholics from holding political office.
What is the American Protective Association (APA)?
Witnessed the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire tragedy while a student at Columbia University; later devoted her life to labor causes and was the first woman appointed to a presidential cabinet position in FDR's Administration.
Who is Frances Perkins?