The Environment
In the early 1900s, this Progressive president championed conservation by setting aside federal oil lands and establishing the U.S. Forest Service, distinguishing himself from strict preservationists.
Who is Theodore Roosevelt
Marking a shift toward imperialism, the U.S. acquired Puerto Rico and this Asian territory following the Spanish-American War, sparking a fierce debate over violating the Declaration of Independence.
What are the Philippines?
Reversing Gilded Age laissez-faire policies, President Theodore Roosevelt expanded the role of the government by insisting on this domestic policy program where labor, business, and consumers all won something.
What is the Square Deal?
Marking a shift toward organized civil rights advocacy in the early 1900s, W.E.B. DuBois helped found this organization with the goal of ending segregation and increasing educational opportunities.
What is the NAACP?
While European immigrants were largely processed and admitted at New York's Ellis Island, Asian immigrants faced harsher interrogations, discrimination, and longer detentions at this California facility.
What is Angel Island?
During the 1930s, poor farming practices and severe drought caused this ecological disaster, prompting the government to create the Soil Conservation Service to teach farmers how to prevent soil erosion.
What is the Dust Bowl?
Reverting to isolationism after WWI, the Republican-led Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join this international peacekeeping organization proposed by Woodrow Wilson.
What is the League of Nations?
Following WWI, 1920s Republican presidents returned to a pro-business approach with less federal regulation, best captured by this president's quote: "The business of America is business".
Who is Calvin Coolidge?
During WWII, the government passed an executive order prohibiting discrimination in defense industries only after this civil rights leader threatened a massive March on Washington.
Who is A. Phillip Randolph?
Passed in 1921 and 1924 to strictly limit "new" immigrants and "undesirables" from Southern and Eastern Europe, these restrictive laws established national-origin caps
What are the Quota Acts?
Signaling a major shift toward modern environmentalism, Rachel Carson's 1962 book warned the public that unchecked industrialization and pesticides like DDT would kill the earth.
What is Silent Spring?
Abandoning isolationism after WWII, the U.S. adopted this foreign policy strategy to stop the spread of Communism, first implemented by the Truman Doctrine.
What is containment?
Dramatically altering the scope of government operations to fight the Great Depression, this massive legislative program focused on the three R’s: Relief, Recovery, and Reform.
What is the New Deal?
In 1954, the movement won a massive legal victory that finally overturned the "separate but equal" precedent when the Supreme Court ruled that segregated facilities are inherently unequal in this landmark case.
What is Brown v Board of Education?
Shifting away from strict border restriction during WWII, the U.S. encouraged temporary agricultural workers to enter from Mexico without going through standard immigration procedures under this program
What is the Bracero program?
Reflecting the bipartisan consensus of the 1970s, President Nixon worked with a Democratic Congress to establish this independent organization to enforce water, air, and radiation pollution regulations.
What is the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)?
In the 1950s, Eisenhower’s Secretary of State shifted policy toward this aggressive strategy, pushing the USSR to the edge of war by relying on America's nuclear superiority.
What is brinkmanship?
Considered the high point of 20th-century liberalism, this ambitious domestic program championed by Lyndon B. Johnson aimed to wage a "War on Poverty" and massively expand the welfare state.
What is the Great Society?
Led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in 1963, this massive peaceful demonstration of 200,000 people was organized to pressure Congress into passing a new civil rights bill.
What is the March on Washington?
By the 1980s, this specific broad demographic group became the fastest-growing minority in the United States, a massive demographic shift sparked by the Immigration Act of 1965 which officially abolished discriminatory national origin quotas
Who are Asian Americans?
By the late 1970s and 1980s, public fears surrounding the Three Mile Island incident spurred a movement against this specific type of energy, successfully delaying the construction of new power plants.
What is nuclear power?
Disillusionment with the Vietnam War led to a pushback against the president's war-making powers, culminating in Congress passing this act to limit the power previously granted by the Tonkin Gulf Resolution.
What is the War Powers Act?
Driven by a "taxpayers revolt" against high inflation and a backlash against 1960s social programs, the 1980s saw a massive political realignment toward this specific ideology.
What is conservatism?
Frustrated by the slow pace of nonviolent protests, leaders like Stokely Carmichael shifted the movement's focus by rejecting nonviolence and advocating for this militant ideology in the late 1960s.
What is Black Power?
Re-evaluating immigration policy in the late 20th century, this 1986 legislation penalized employers for hiring undocumented immigrants while simultaneously granting amnesty to those who had arrived before 1982
What is the Immigration and Control Act of 1986?